Protected sampling is preferable in bronchoscopic studies of the airway microbiome

Grønseth, Rune; Drengenes, Christine; Wiker, Harald G.; Tangedal, Solveig; Xue, Yaxin; Husebø, Gunnar Reksten; Svanes, Øistein; Lehmann, Sverre; Aardal, Marit Elisabeth; Hoang, Tuyen Dinh; Kalananthan, Tharmini; Martinsen, Einar Marius Hjellestad; Leiten, Elise Orvedal; Aanerud, Marianne; Nordeide, Eli; Haaland, Ingvild; Jonassen, Inge; Bakke, Per; Eagan, Tomas Mikal

doi:10.1183/23120541.00019-2017

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These considerations support the need to understand local patterns of microbial-host interaction in the lower airways. For example, this could be accomplished by obtaining protected-specimen brush sampling, for microbiome analysis, plus conventional cytological brushing, for genomic and epigenetic analysis, in identical areas of distal human airways (109). Simultaneous analysis of the lower airway virome and mycome is another important goal but may need to await resolution of the technical challenges of high-coverage RNA sequencing and better reference libraries.…”

Section: The Lung Microbiome In Early Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the Root: Defining and Halting Progression of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Martínez

Han

Allinson

et al. 2018

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

198

216

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Section: The Lung Microbiome In Early Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the Root: Defining and Halting Progression of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Martínez

Han

Allinson

et al. 2018

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

198

216

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“…Currently, the lung microbiome is still poorly understood and its study poses multiple methodological challenges, e.g. the necessity of invasive sampling and the concurrent risk of contaminating samples with upper respiratory tract microbiota (20). Despite these challenges, multiple studies have provided insights into the lung microbiome with respect to its diversity, composition (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Corticosteroids on the Respiratory Microbiome: A Systematic Review

Hartmann

Albrich

Dmitrijeva

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Since its discovery, the respiratory microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases. Even though corticosteroid treatments are widely prescribed for pulmonary diseases, their effects on the respiratory microbiome are still poorly understood. This systematic review summarises the current understanding of the effects of corticosteroids on the microbiome of the airways. The primary outcomes of interest were changes in the diversity, composition and total burden of the respiratory microbiome as assessed by culture-independent molecular methods.Results: According to the PRISMA guidelines, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were systematically searched for all observational or randomised-controlled studies comparing the microbiome parameters of patients receiving corticosteroids to those of controls. Only five studies out of 1943 identified reports could be included: two on patients with asthma, two on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and one on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The studies were highly heterogeneous with regards to the methods used and the populations investigated. Microbiome diversity increased with corticosteroids at least transiently in 3 studies and decreased in one study. The effects of corticosteroids on the composition of the respiratory microbiome were significant but without a clear shared direction. A significant increase in microbial burden after corticosteroids was seen in one study. Conclusions: Data on the effect of corticosteroids on the respiratory microbiome are still limited, with considerable heterogeneity between studies. However, available data suggest that corticosteroid treatment may have significant effects on the composition and possibly the diversity of the respiratory microbiome.

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“…Based on accurate power analyses [ 34 ], more individuals should be included, although it is challenging to find sufficient volunteers allowing brushing of the respiratory tract at different sites. However, protected sampling is preferable in bronchoscopic studies of the airway microbiome to avoid contamination [ 35 ]. Furthermore, the groups we compared received different COPD medication, which has been shown to influence the microbiota composition [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial and host immune factors as drivers of COPD

et al. 2018

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Compartmentalisation of the respiratory tract microbiota in patients with different chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity degrees needs to be systematically investigated. In addition, it is unknown if the inflammatory and emphysematous milieux in patients with COPD are associated with changes in the respiratory tract microbiota and host macrophage gene expression.We performed a cross-sectional study to compare non-COPD controls (n=10) to COPD patients (n=32) with different disease severity degrees. Samples (n=187) were obtained from different sites of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Microbiota analyses were performed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and host gene expression analyses by quantitative real-time PCR of distinct markers of bronchoalveolar lavage cells.Overall, the microbial communities of severe COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade 3/4) patients clustered significantly differently to controls and less severe COPD (GOLD 1/2) patients (permutational multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA), p=0.001). However, we could not detect significant associations between the different sampling sites in the lower airways. In addition, the chosen set of host gene expression markers significantly separated COPD GOLD 3/4 patients, and we found correlations between the composition of the microbiota and the host data.In conclusion, this study demonstrates associations between host gene expression and microbiota profiles that may influence the course of COPD.

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Protected sampling is preferable in bronchoscopic studies of the airway microbiome

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

At the Root: Defining and Halting Progression of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

At the Root: Defining and Halting Progression of Early Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The Effects of Corticosteroids on the Respiratory Microbiome: A Systematic Review

Microbial and host immune factors as drivers of COPD

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