Protected areas as refuges for pest species? The case of wild boar

Brogi, Rudy; Grignolio, Stefano; Brivio, Francesca; Apollonio, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00969

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In our study, regarding the Julian nights, the peak of wild boar activity occurred in autumn, thus confirming previous findings (Podgórski et al 2013;Brivio et al 2017;Johann et al 2020). Autumn corresponds to the main hunting season, which is reported to trigger wild boar movements, thus increasing the activity time of this species (Brogi et al 2020;Johann et al 2020;Fanelli et al 2021). Furthermore, after leaves fall, wild boar might have to range for long distances to find suitable resting sites for diurnal hours, often far from feeding areas (Johann et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Carried away by a moonlight shadow: activity of wild boar in relation to nocturnal light intensity

et al. 2021

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An increase of nocturnal activity of ungulate species may represent a compensatory opportunity for energy intake, when activity in daylight is hindered by some disturbance events (e.g. hunting or predation). Therefore, mostly-diurnal and crepuscular species may be active in bright moonlight nights whereas others may shift their diurnal activity towards darkest nights to limit their exposure to predators. In natural and undisturbed conditions, the wild boar may be active both during the day and the night, with alternating periods of activity and resting. In this work, we tested whether activity patterns of wild boar, a species with poor visive abilities, were dependent on moon phases and environmental lightening. We aimed to assess if nocturnal activity could be better explained by variations of the lunar cycle or by the variations of environmental lightening conditions, evaluated by means of different measures of night brightness. Data were collected through camera-trapping in Central Italy in 2019–2020. Despite the poor visive abilities of the wild boar, we observed that this ungulate significantly reduced their activity by avoiding the brightest nights. In our study area, the wild boar has to cope with both human pressure (i.e. mostly hunters and poachers) and predation by the grey wolf. Furthermore, the nocturnal activity of wild boar peaked in mid-Autumn, i.e. when hunting pressure is the highest and when leaf fall may bring wild boar to range for long distances to find suitable resting sites for diurnal hours.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Carried away by a moonlight shadow: activity of wild boar in relation to nocturnal light intensity

et al. 2021

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“…As discussed above, some of the land-cover factors normally reported to affect both prey availability and detectability also affected the location of wolf response in winter (WRS). However, the probability of a final successful kill is mediated, at the local scale, by the topography [30,31,50,67], natural and anthropogenic landscape features [32][33][34][35][36], human-related factors, territorial planning, and wildlife management [27,31,[37][38][39][40][41]. Some of these also determine favourable conditions, in terms of carrion availability [33,62,66,68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drive hunting is commonly considered a wildlife disturbance factor [41]. Indeed, according to the "ecology of fear" [64], hunting shifts wild ungulate home ranges towards hunting ban areas, influencing their abundance at the local scale [37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all the environmental, landscape, and human-related factors affecting wolf presence and responsiveness, those potentially related to both prey availability and hunting efficiency may be relevant during late fall and winter [1]. In this view, land-cover types and use have been reported as a crucial driver [24][25][26][27][28][29][30], while topography [30,31], natural and anthropogenic landscape features [32][33][34][35][36], human disturbance, land-use planning, and wildlife management [27,31,[37][38][39][40][41] also play important roles. Accordingly, we entered eight land cover types, four topographic factors, four human disturbance factors, four territorial planning and wildlife management factors, and three landscape features (Table 2) as possible predictors of WRS.…”

Section: Antropogenic and Enviromental Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic and Environmental Factors Determining Local Favourable Conditions for Wolves during the Cold Season

Viola

Adriani

Rossi

et al. 2021

Animals

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Winter resources are crucial for wildlife, and, at a local scale, some anthropogenic and environmental factors could affect their availability. In the case of wolves, it is known that vocalisations in response to unfamiliar howls are issued to defend their territory and the important resources within it. Then, we studied the characteristics of winter response sites (WRS) during the cold season, aiming to assess their eventual ability to provide insights into the distribution of valuable resources within their territories. Within this scope, we planned a wolf-howling survey following a standardised approach. The study covered an Apennine (Central Italy) area of 500 km2. A hexagonal mesh was imposed on the area, in order to determine the values of different variables at the local scale. A logistic LASSO regression was performed. WRS were positively related to the presence of thermal refuges (odds = 114.485), to patch richness (odds = 1.153), wild boar drive hunting areas (odds = 1.015), and time elapsed since the last hunt (odds = 1.019). Among negative factors, stray dogs reply considerably affects wolves’ responsiveness (odds = 0.207), where odds are the exponentiated coefficients estimated by the logistic lasso regression. These results suggest that WRS are related to anthropogenic and environmental factors favouring the predation process.

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“…Spatial strategy of Sus scrofa, the size and shape of the habitat depend on the landscape characteristics, the size of the area, meteorological conditions, and access to water and food. Cases of migration of the species to megacities and suburban areas in the autumn-winter period are associated with attractive warm locations and the search for easily accessible food resources (human food residues) (Amendolia et al, 2019), and moving to nature reserves is associated with feeding of wild animals (Brogi et al, 2020). Increasing population density in certain areas (along water bodies, in nature reserves, in urban areas) is important for monitoring species and predicting foci of zoonotic infections (Amendolia et al, 2019;Clontz et al, 2021).…”

Section: I T E Rat U R E R E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Mechanisms of Sus Scrofa Population Regulation in Modern Conditions

Voloshyna

Voloshyn

Sushko

et al. 2022

Scientific Horizons

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Wild boar population (Sus scrofa) has been growing rapidly in most countries of the world over the past decades. The invasive species has high reproduction rates and well-developed adaptive responses, which allows it to successfully expand the boundaries of its habitat, create significant economic losses to agriculture and horticulture, urban ecosystems, and threatens the loss of biological diversity and the spread of zoonotic infections. The purpose of the paper was to analyse the factors that contribute to the expansion of the Sus scrofa species in the world, to determine the ecological mechanisms of population regulation against the background of rapid anthropogenic transformation of the habitat and global climatic anomalies; to assess changes in the dynamics of population size in hunting farms of Ukraine for the period from 2010 to 2020 in the Chernihivska oblast, in particular. Conventional methods of retrospective analysis, synthesis, environmental, general biological, and epizootic research were used. The paper analyses the world experience and identifies the main factors of low effectiveness of strategies for controlling the rapidly growing population of wild boar in agroecosystems, mixed forest and urban ecosystems. Due to the unique features of forming a life strategy, the Sus scrofa species demonstrate successful development, expansion of the range of available food resources, effective use of daily diversification of ecological niches in the conditions of transformed ecosystems, etc. It is established that the reason for the inefficiency of ecological mechanisms of pressure on the population of the species in the "predator-prey" system is the absence of large predators in the forest ecosystems of Chernihivska oblast. At the same time, the absence of deterrent mechanisms in the predator-prey system ensured the manifestation of next-level mechanisms, namely, the appearance of foci of African swine fever along the forest cycle in the natural biocenoses of the region. Response – the response of populations was manifested by a rapid short-term decrease in the population of Sus scrofa, as a temporary deterrent effect with a subsequent recovery trend. The results obtained can be used in the development of practical recommendations for biological monitoring, environmental control, and the development of effective forest management measures to prevent biological safety associated with the uncontrolled distribution of Sus scrofa and African swine fever based on universal ecological mechanisms of population regulation

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Protected areas as refuges for pest species? The case of wild boar

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Carried away by a moonlight shadow: activity of wild boar in relation to nocturnal light intensity

Carried away by a moonlight shadow: activity of wild boar in relation to nocturnal light intensity

Anthropogenic and Environmental Factors Determining Local Favourable Conditions for Wolves during the Cold Season

Ecological Mechanisms of Sus Scrofa Population Regulation in Modern Conditions

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