Proteases immobilized on nanomaterials for biocatalytic, environmental and biomedical applications: Advantages and drawbacks

Facile Construction of Stable Hierarchical Porous Metal–Organic Frameworks for In Situ Immobilization of β-Glucosidase Based on Competitive Coordination and Selective Etching Strategies

“…Enzyme immobilization technology enables enzymes to be immobilized on specific supports, which can maintain their specific catalytic activity while improving their tolerance, stability, and recyclability to external stimuli. In recent years, various materials have been developed for enzyme immobilization, such as zeolite molecular sieves, porous silica, porous carbon materials, natural polymers, and covalent organic frameworks. − However, complex preparation processes, limited enzyme activity, and enzyme leakage have plagued traditional carrier-immobilized enzymes . Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials composed of metal ions or clusters and organic ligands.…”

Magnetic Nanoparticle Support with an Ultra-Thin Chitosan Layer Preserves the Catalytic Activity of the Immobilized Glucose Oxidase

“…Magnetically recoverable biocatalysts, i.e., enzymes immobilized on magnetic supports, receive considerable attention due to the important advantages of such catalysts compared to native enzymes or enzymes immobilized on nonmagnetic supports (see recent reviews [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]). Like all immobilized enzymes, they allow for higher stability during catalytic reactions and broader temperature and pH stability ranges [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized onto Mesoporous Magnetic Hybrid Nanoflowers for Enzymatic Decolorization of Textile Dyes: A Highly Robust Bioreactor and Boosted Enzyme Stability

“…Immobilization is a technique designed for the purpose of facilitating enzyme recovery and, if the enzyme retains its activity, enabling the reuse of these valuable biocatalysts that were initially costly to employ . Moreover, the immobilization technique not only enhances the stability of the enzyme but also, when the immobilization protocol is meticulously crafted, serves as a tool that significantly enhances various properties of the enzyme, including selectivity and specificity. − Also, when appropriately designed, enzyme immobilization can be integrated with the purification process of the enzyme. , However, developing an effective immobilization protocol requires addressing multiple challenges associated with enzyme limitations. These include ensuring stability and activity under divergent conditions enhancing enzyme selectivity and specificity with distinct substrates maintaining enzyme purity, sensitivity to inhibition, and bolstering resistance to chemicals …”

“… 7 Immobilization is a technique designed for the purpose of facilitating enzyme recovery and, if the enzyme retains its activity, enabling the reuse of these valuable biocatalysts that were initially costly to employ. 8 Moreover, the immobilization technique not only enhances the stability of the enzyme but also, when the immobilization protocol is meticulously crafted, serves as a tool that significantly enhances various properties of the enzyme, including selectivity and specificity. 9 − 11 Also, when appropriately designed, enzyme immobilization can be integrated with the purification process of the enzyme.…”

“… 9 − 11 Also, when appropriately designed, enzyme immobilization can be integrated with the purification process of the enzyme. 8 , 12 However, developing an effective immobilization protocol requires addressing multiple challenges associated with enzyme limitations. These include ensuring stability and activity under divergent conditions enhancing enzyme selectivity and specificity with distinct substrates maintaining enzyme purity, sensitivity to inhibition, and bolstering resistance to chemicals.…”