Proteases and Protease Inhibitors in Male Reproduction

Gurupriya, Vijayasaraswathy S.; Roy, Sudhir C.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2513-6_10

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The most noteworthy change detected by our gene ontology analysis was a loss of protein-modifying enzymes, cysteine and serine proteases, and metalloproteases, in the highly expressed testis genes of the Gulf pipefish relative to other percomorphs and our zebrafish outgroup. Interestingly, these types of proteases are heavily involved in testis development, spermatogenesis, sperm capacitation, and sperm-egg binding (Gurupriya and Roy 2017). Cysteine proteases are involved in sperm capacitation (Lee et al 2018) and serine proteases are a major component of the acrosome (Klemm et al 1991).…”

Section: Functional Genomics Of Pipefish Testesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the testis transcriptome in pregnant male pipefishes and seahorses

et al. 2022

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In many animals, sperm competition and sexual conflict are thought to drive the rapid evolution of male‐specific genes, especially those expressed in the testes. A potential exception occurs in the male pregnant pipefishes, where females transfer eggs to the males, eliminating testes from participating in these processes. Here, we show that testis‐related genes differ dramatically in their rates of molecular evolution and expression patterns in pipefishes and seahorses (Syngnathidae) compared to other fish. Genes involved in testis or sperm function within syngnathids experience weaker selection in comparison to their orthologs in spawning and livebearing fishes. An assessment of gene turnover and expression in the testis transcriptome suggests that syngnathids have lost (or significantly reduced expression of) important classes of genes from their testis transcriptomes compared to other fish. Our results indicate that more than 50 million years of male pregnancy have removed syngnathid testes from the molecular arms race that drives the rapid evolution of male reproductive genes in other taxa.

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Section: Functional Genomics Of Pipefish Testesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the testis transcriptome in pregnant male pipefishes and seahorses

et al. 2022

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“…In recent years, an increasing number of trypsin-like serine peptidases (clan PA family S1 subfamily A) and their inhibitors have been identified localized in the reproductive system, performing essential biological functions. [13,14]. The trypsin-like protease activity of Acrosin (located in the acrosome) is critical for sperm to penetrate the cumulus matrix and zona pellucida (ZP) in vitro [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRSS55 Regulates Energy Homeostasis and BCAA Metabolism via Interacting with BCKDK in Mouse Testes and Sperm

Ge,

Shen,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Previous studies have shown that PRSS55 is required for male fertility in mice, and potentially in humans, and is involved in energy metabolism in mouse sperm. However, the underline mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that Prss55 deficiency leads to significant changes in protein levels identified by DIA-based mass spectrometry proteomics in enriched PRSS55-expressing testicular cells and caudal epididymal sperm as compared to wt mice. Bioinformatic assessments reveal that the majority of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were significantly enriched in the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) degradation pathway and the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Accumulation of isoleucine and leucine was identified in Prss55-/- mice by untargeted metabolomics. We also observe significantly downregulated IVD and NDUFB8 protein levels, impaired in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, abnormal NAD+/NADH ratio, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in knockout models. Secondly, co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry (Co-IP/MS) by using V5-PRSS55 knock-in mice and in vitro Co-IP assays suggested that PRSS55 interacts with mitochondrial protein BCKDK, which is involved in BCAA metabolism. Overexpressed PRSS55 was found to be enriched in mitochondria by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. All these data demonstrate that PRSS55 regulates energy homeostasis and BCAAs metabolism in testes and sperm of mice, implicating a potential mechanism of male infertility in mice lacking PRSS55 and in human due to PRSS55 mutation.

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Transcriptome analysis of the epididymis from Plag1 deficient mice suggests dysregulation of sperm maturation and extracellular matrix genes

Wong

Damdimopoulos

Damdimopoulou

et al. 2020

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: The transcription factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is required for male fertility. Mice deficient in PLAG1 exhibit decreased sperm motility and abnormal epididymal tubule elongation and coiling, indicating impaired sperm maturation during epididymal transit. However, the downstream transcriptomic profile of the Plag1 knockout (KO; Plag1 −/−) murine epididymis is currently unknown. Results: In this study, the PLAG1-dependent epididymal transcriptome was characterised using RNA sequencing. Several genes important for the control of sperm maturation, motility, capacitation and the acrosome reaction were dysregulated in Plag1 −/− mice. Surprisingly, several cell proliferation genes were upregulated, and Ki67 analysis indicated that cell proliferation is aberrantly upregulated in the cauda epididymis stroma of Plag1 −/− mice. Gene ontology analysis showed an overall upregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix components, and an overall downregulation of genes encoding metalloendopeptidases in the epididymides from Plag1 −/− mice. Conclusion: Together, these results suggest a defect in the epididymal extracellular matrix in Plag1 −/− mice. These results imply that in addition to maintaining epididymal integrity directly, PLAG1 may also regulate several genes involved in the regulation of sperm maturation and capacitation. Moreover, PLAG1 may also be involved in regulating tissue homeostasis and ensuring proper structure and maintenance of the extracellular matrix in the epididymis.

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Proteases and Protease Inhibitors in Male Reproduction

Cited by 5 publications

References 137 publications

The evolution of the testis transcriptome in pregnant male pipefishes and seahorses

The evolution of the testis transcriptome in pregnant male pipefishes and seahorses

PRSS55 Regulates Energy Homeostasis and BCAA Metabolism via Interacting with BCKDK in Mouse Testes and Sperm

Transcriptome analysis of the epididymis from Plag1 deficient mice suggests dysregulation of sperm maturation and extracellular matrix genes

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