Protease Produced by Endophytic Fungi: A Systematic Review

Bezerra, Victor Hugo Souto; Cardoso, Samuel Leite; Fonseca-Bazzo, Yris Maria; Silveira, Dâmaris; Magalhães, Pérola Oliveira; Souza, Paula Monteiro

doi:10.3390/molecules26227062

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Gbtc_1 ( Zou et al, 2021 ). Endophytic fungi were the production source of many known or unknown new bioactive metabolites ( Queiroz and Santana, 2020 ; Aftab et al, 2021 ; Bezerra et al, 2021 ). In the study of Aspergillus oryzae , a complete phenylalanine flavonoid metabolic pathway with CHS -like genes as the core was found, and the functional enzymes in the pathway were also verified ( Juvvadi et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel distribution of intracellular and extracellular flavonoids produced by Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba root

Zou

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Here, we reported a Ginkgo endophyte, Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, isolated from the root tissue. Its flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was reconstructed, the effect of phenylalanine on the production of flavonoids was explored, and the flavonoid metabolites were identified with the high-resolution Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Some essential genes were annotated to form the upstream of the complete biosynthesis pathway, indicating that Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2 has the ability to synthesize the C6–C3–C6 flavonoid monomers. HPLC results showed that adding an appropriate amount of phenylalanine could promote the production of flavonoids by Aspergillus Gbtc 2. LC–MS results depicted a significant difference in many flavonoids between intracellularly and extracellularly. Most of the flavonoids gathered in the cell contained glycosylation groups, while almost all components with multiple hydroxyls showed much higher concentrations extracellularly than intracellularly; they likely have different biological functions. A variety of these substances can be mapped back to the pathway pattern of flavonoid biosynthesis and prove the ability of flavonoid production once again. This study expanded the information on flavonoid biosynthesis in Aspergillus and provided a solid theoretical basis for developing the fungi into genetically engineered strains undertaking flavonoid industrialized production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The novel distribution of intracellular and extracellular flavonoids produced by Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba root

Zou

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The highest activity was obtained from Penicillium cataractarum complex, which was recovered from the stem segment of O. gratissimum. Studies by Bezerra et al 41 also reported the protease production ability of Penicillium species as an endophyte. Two isolates were positive for tyrosinase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Diversity and Extracellular Enzyme Production of Fungal Endophytes from the Genus Ocimum L.

2022

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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Ocimum tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum, and O. basilicum are medicinal plants extensively used in the traditional medicine of Kerala. The study is aimed at investigating the endophytic mycoflora associated with these Ocimum species and their ability to produce enzymes in vitro. A total of 149 fungal endophytes were isolated from roots, stems, and leaf segments from July to November 2021. They were grouped into 27 morphotypes, including five non-sporulating taxa. The highest number of isolates were obtained from the plant O. basilicum. An equally lower number of isolates were obtained from O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum. A greater number of fungal endophytes were obtained from the leaf segments of O.basilicum and least number of isolates obtained from the leaf segments of O.gratissimum. Isolates of Aspergillus niger complex, Diaporthe sp., and Daldinia eschscholtzii showed the highest colonizing frequency. In vitro analysis for enzyme production by all morphotypes was done and, except for laccase, all tested enzymes showed positive results.

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“…Proteases are utilized in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical (treatment of cancer), leather, detergent and food industries (bakery and meat tenderization) 17 . Proteases are catalytic enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins to produce amino acids and peptides.…”

Section: Screening For Extracellular Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of L-Asparaginase Producing Endophytic Fungi from Medicinal Plants of Rutaceae Family

Udayan¹,

Gnanadoss²

2023

Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia

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Endophytic fungi synthesize a diverse set of enzymes and biomolecules with wide array of bioactivities. Thirty-five distinct fungal endophytes have been isolated from medicinal plants of Rutaceae and screened for their ability to produce various industrially important enzymes. Primary enzyme screening revealed that 65% of isolates produced L-Asparaginase, 62% of isolates produced cellulase, 60% of isolates produced amylase, 48% of isolates produced both lipase and pectinase, 45% of isolates produced laccase and 42% of isolates produced protease. Among the different enzymes screened, L-Asparaginase producing isolates were dominant and subjected to quantification using the nesslerization method. The endophytic isolates LCJ315, LCJ324, LCJ326 and LCJ335 were capable of producing high L-Asparaginase activity and their enzyme activity ranged between 7.58 U/ml to 8.84 U/ml. The four isolates were further subjected to molecular identification using 18S rRNA sequencing. The results were then subjected to BLAST analysis. The phylogenetic tree was created by MEGA software. The isolated endophytic fungal strains were identified as LCJ315 (Aspergillus sp.), LCJ326 (Colletotrichum sp.), LCJ324 and LCJ335 (Fusarium sp.). The fungal source of L-Asparaginase is preferred over other microbial sources of L-Asparaginase due to reduced side effects. Given the fact that L-Asparaginase is a crucial anticancer enzyme that is used as the initial therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hence, the present study reveals that these endophytic fungal strains isolated from Rutaceae members can be used as an alternate source for L-Asparaginase production.

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Protease Produced by Endophytic Fungi: A Systematic Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 83 publications

The novel distribution of intracellular and extracellular flavonoids produced by Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba root

The novel distribution of intracellular and extracellular flavonoids produced by Aspergillus sp. Gbtc 2, an endophytic fungus from Ginkgo biloba root

Diversity and Extracellular Enzyme Production of Fungal Endophytes from the Genus Ocimum L.

Isolation and Characterization of L-Asparaginase Producing Endophytic Fungi from Medicinal Plants of Rutaceae Family

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