Protease activity and phytocystatin expression in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Heterodera schachtii infection

Labudda, Mateusz; Różańska, Elżbieta; Szewińska, Joanna; Sobczak, Mirosław; Dzik, Jolanta M.

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.10.021

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…We have shown recently that the total polyphenol content is significantly enhanced in shoots from H. schachtii ‐infected A. thaliana at 7 and 15 dpi (Labudda et al ., ). Therefore, in the present study, we measured the total antiradical activity (TAA), estimated by the stable free radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ) method, in infected plants at 3, 7 and 15 dpi (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…b). The level of oxidation in total RNA samples roughly correlated with the reduction in total soluble protein content in shoots of nematode‐infected plants, which was previously observed from 7 dpi (Labudda et al ., ). Yet, our findings may indicate that, in addition to other processes, enhanced oxidation of RNA in infected plants results in perturbations in protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The beet cyst nematode ( Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) is an obligate biotroph and parasitizes many wild and crop species, including the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Although the whole life cycle of cyst nematodes is closely linked with the host roots, these parasites induce strong systemic responses in the shoots of infected plants (Cabello et al ., ; Hofmann et al ., ; Kyndt et al ., ; Labudda et al ., ). Interestingly, Habash et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Therefore, we hypothesized that the development of syncytia may alter the photosynthetic efficiency in the shoots of infected plants to maintain a permanent inflow of carbohydrates for nematodes existing in roots. As H. schachtii infection is known to induce systemic redox changes in A. thaliana (Labudda et al ., ), we also hypothesized that enhanced ROS metabolism could play a role in plant physiological mechanisms to resist/alleviate nematode‐induced oxidative stress. To verify both hypotheses, we implemented chlorophyll a (Chl a ) fluorescence measurements, biochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

Labudda

Różańska

Czarnocka

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Photosynthetic efficiency and redox homeostasis are important for plant physiological processes during regular development as well as defence responses. The second-stage juveniles of Heterodera schachtii induce syncytial feeding sites in host roots. To ascertain whether the development of syncytia alters photosynthesis and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and antioxidant responses were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots on the day of inoculation and at 3, 7 and 15 days post-inoculation (dpi). Nematode parasitism caused an accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide molecules in the shoots of infected plants at 3 dpi, probably as a result of the observed down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. These changes were accompanied by an increase in RNA and lipid oxidation markers. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were found to be enhanced on infection at 7 and 15 dpi, and the content of anthocyanins was elevated from 3 dpi. The fluorescence parameter R , defining plant vitality and the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, decreased by 11% only at 7 dpi, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), indicating the effectiveness of photoprotection mechanisms, was about 16% lower at 3 and 7 dpi. As a result of infection, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts was changed (large starch grains and plastoglobules), and more numerous and larger peroxisomes were observed in the mesophyll cells of leaves. We postulate that the joint action of antioxidant enzymes/molecules and photochemical mechanisms leading to the maintenance of photosynthetic efficiency promotes the fine-tuning of the infected plants to oxidative stress induced by parasitic cyst nematodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

Labudda

Różańska

Czarnocka

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Two-week-old seedlings were inoculated with 70 freshly hatched second stage juveniles (J2) of Heterodera schachtii Schmidt per plant, obtained from sterile agar stock cultures. Inoculated plants were kept in a growth chamber (Labudda et al 2016). Progress of nematode infection was monitored in vitro during the first 3 days after inoculation using a stereo microscope, thus invasion time was precisely assessed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of both Arabidopsis γ-tubulin genes is essential for development of a functional syncytium induced by Heterodera schachtii

et al. 2018

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Key messageAfter initial up-regulation, expression of TUBG1 and TUBG2 is significantly down-regulated in mature syncytia, but lack of expression of either of γ-tubulin genes reduces numbers of nematode infections and developing females.AbstractInfective second stage juveniles of sedentary plant parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii invade the root vascular tissue and induce a feeding site, named syncytium, formed as a result of cell hypertrophy and partial cell wall dissolution leading to a multinucleate state. Syncytium formation and maintenance involves a molecular interplay between the plant host and the developing juveniles leading to rearrangements and fragmentation of the plant cytoskeleton. In this study, we investigated the role of two Arabidopsis γ-tubulin genes (TUBG1 and TUBG2), involved in MTs nucleation during syncytium development. Expression analysis revealed that both γ-tubulin’s transcript levels changed during syncytium development and after initial up-regulation (1–3 dpi) they were significantly down-regulated in 7, 10 and 15 dpi syncytia. Moreover, TUBG1 and TUBG2 showed distinct immunolocalization patterns in uninfected roots and syncytia. Although no severe changes in syncytium anatomy and ultrastructure in tubg1-1 and tubg2-1 mutants were observed compared to syncytia induced in wild-type plants, nematode infection assays revealed reduced numbers of infecting juveniles and developed female nematodes in mutant lines. Our results indicate that the expression of both TUBG1 and TUBG2 genes, although generally down-regulated in mature syncytia, is essential for successful root infection, development of functional syncytium and nematode maturation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00299-018-2312-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic performance in leaves of Hordeum vulgare plants co-infested with Heterodera filipjevi and Aceria tosichella

Labudda

Tokarz

et al. 2020

Plant Cell Rep

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Key message Defence responses of cyst nematode and/or wheat curl mite infested barley engage the altered reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant machinery, carbon dioxide assimilation and photosynthesis efficiency. Abstract The primary aim of this study was to determine how barley responds to two pests infesting separately or at once; thus barley was inoculated with Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter (cereal cyst nematode; CCN) and Aceria tosichella Keifer (wheat curl mite; WCM). To verify hypothesis about the involvement of redox metabolism and photosynthesis in barley defence responses, biochemical, photosynthesis efficiency and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements as well as transmission electron microscopy were implemented. Inoculation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) brought about a significant suppression in the efficiency of electron transport outside photosystem II reaction centres. This limitation was an effect of diminished pool of rapidly reducing plastoquinone and decreased total electron carriers. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) also significantly restricted the electron transport on the photosystem I acceptor side, therefore produced reactive oxygen species oxidized lipids in cells of WCM and double infested plants and proteins in cells of WCM-infested plants. The level of hydrogen peroxide was significantly decreased in double infested plants because of glutathione–ascorbate cycle involvement. The inhibition of nitrosoglutathione reductase promoted the accumulation of S-nitrosoglutathione increasing antioxidant capacity in cells of double infested plants. Moreover, enhanced arginase activity in WCM-infested plants could stimulate synthesis of polyamines participating in plant antioxidant response. Infestation with WCM (apart from or with CCN) significantly reduced the efficiency of carbon dioxide assimilation by barley leaves, whereas infection only with CCN expanded photosynthesis efficiency. These were accompanied with the ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts during CCN and WCM infestation.

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Protease activity and phytocystatin expression in Arabidopsis thaliana upon Heterodera schachtii infection

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

Systemic changes in photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii

Expression of both Arabidopsis γ-tubulin genes is essential for development of a functional syncytium induced by Heterodera schachtii

Reactive oxygen species metabolism and photosynthetic performance in leaves of Hordeum vulgare plants co-infested with Heterodera filipjevi and Aceria tosichella

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