Prostitution and other cofactors in preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix

Núñez, José Rafael; Delgado, Mariela; Girón, Hugo; Pino, Gloria

doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2004.00222.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…As predicted in the ''Inverse Care Law'' (13) , those in need are less likely to receive the care: 9.8% (23/235) FSW had preinvasive lesions (CIN I-CIN III) in contrast to 5.5% (395/3601) of the Hong Kong general population (14) . Comparing to other studies of abnormal smears in sex workers, it is much higher than those found in Singapore (5.6%) (15) and Austria (6.3%) (16) , but more comparable to a startlingly high prevalence in Venezuela (13.9%) (17) . Moreover, the regression analysis showed that the place of origin (local or nonlocal FSW) was the single most important risk factor for CIN II-III-this independent variable was unlikely a confounding factor for whether cervical smear had ever been done as this has been controlled.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Silent killer of the night: a feasibility study of an outreach well-women clinic for cervical cancer screening in female sex workers in Hong Kong

Wong

Wun

Chan

et al. 2008

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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The purpose of this study was to see if an outreach model could be a feasible option for early detections of preinvasive cervical cancer in women with double identities of female sex workers (FSW) and illegal migrant workers in Hong Kong who most needed cervical screening but were often deprived of such a service. High turnover rates, acceptability, and compliance for follow-ups could potentially render such a clinical model unsuccessful. A total of 245 FSW were screened at the outreach clinic from January 2004 to December 2005, which was set up in a nongovernmental organization in a red light district. A questionnaire regarding their lifestyles and demographic details was used before a gynecological history, Papanicolaou (PAP) smear, and other health checkup were conducted. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the results. Of 235 women tests, 9.8% of them had CIN I-III, and places of origin were found to be important risk factors for abnormal PAP smears. The nonlocal workers were significantly more likely to have abnormal PAP smears (chi(2)= 10.55, P= 0.04). Among the women, 88.1% of them who had the tests returned for follow-up with poorer compliance among those with an abnormal result. We conclude that an outreach well-women clinic seems to be an acceptable option for these women and an effective way for the early detection of cervical cancer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Silent killer of the night: a feasibility study of an outreach well-women clinic for cervical cancer screening in female sex workers in Hong Kong

Wong

Wun

Chan

et al. 2008

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer

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“…In female sex workers (FSWs), risks associated with cervical cancer include early age at first sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and cigarette smoking. Moreover, abnormal cytologic results, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with high‐risk strains, and HPV‐related cervical disease are significantly more prevalent among FSWs than in control groups [1,4–7]. Thus, beyond STD prevention, it is important to face the issues regarding cervical cancer prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of female sex workers toward HPV infection, cervical cancer, and cervical smears in Thailand

Kietpeerakool

Phianmongkhol

Jitvatcharanun³

et al. 2009

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…These are found in females of a variety of insect species and other taxa (Carayon 1966, Carayon 1977Eberhard 1985). In some species they occur very frequently or even regularly (van Damme et al 1998;Sota and Kubota 1998;Fraser et al 1999;Crudgington and Siva-Jothy 2000;Blanckenhorn et al 2002;Nunez et al 2004;Beani et al 2005;Kamimura 2007). In humans, micro traumata in the mucus layer of the genitalia that arise from sexual intercourse, if rarely investigated (Fraser et al 1999;van Damme et al 1998;Nunez et al 2004) are one of the main entrance areas for STDs into the body.…”

Section: External and Sexually Transmitted Microbesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Natural selection and genital variation: a role for the environment, parasites and sperm ageing?

Reinhardt

2009

Genetica

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Male genitalia are more variable between species (and populations) than other organs, and are more morphologically complex in polygamous compared to monogamous species. Therefore, sexual selection has been put forward as the major explanation of genital variation and complexity, in particular cryptic female choice for male copulatory courtship. As cryptic female choice is based on differences between males it is somewhat paradoxical that there is such low within-species variation in male genitalia that they are a prime morphological identification character for animal species. Processes other than sexual selection may also lead to genitalia variation but they have recently become neglected. Here I focus on pleiotropy and natural selection and provide examples how they link genitalia morphology with genital environments. Pleiotropy appears to be important because most studies that specifically tested for pleiotropic effects on genital morphology found them. Natural selection likely favours certain genital morphology over others in various environments, as well as by reducing re-infection with sexually transmitted diseases or reducing the likelihood of fertilisation with aged sperm. Both pleiotropy and natural selection differ locally and between species so may contribute to local variation in genitalia and sometimes variation between monogamous and polygamous species. Furthermore, the multitude of genital environments will lead to a multitude of genital functions via natural selection and pleiotropy, and may also contribute to explaining the complexity of genitalia.

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Prostitution and other cofactors in preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix

Abstract: First sexual experience before 20 years of age, cigarette smoking and HPV infection were high-risk factors for preinvasive and invasive lesions of the cervix in Venezuelan FSW.

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Silent killer of the night: a feasibility study of an outreach well-women clinic for cervical cancer screening in female sex workers in Hong Kong

Silent killer of the night: a feasibility study of an outreach well-women clinic for cervical cancer screening in female sex workers in Hong Kong

Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes of female sex workers toward HPV infection, cervical cancer, and cervical smears in Thailand

Natural selection and genital variation: a role for the environment, parasites and sperm ageing?

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