Prosthetics in Facial Reconstruction

Klimczak, Jaclyn; Helman, Samuel N.; Kadakia, Sameep; Sawhney, Raja; Abraham, Manoj T.; Vest, Allison; Ducic, Yadranko

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1603459

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…15 Silicone, by contrast, is very flexible and can be stretched to translucency to allow better aesthetic blending with normal surrounding tissues. 1 All materials are subject to wear and tear over time and will need replacement after several months to years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical management of melanomatous and nonmelanomatous skin cancers, retinoblastomas, sebaceous gland carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas of the lacrimal gland, and sarcomas can leave large orbital defects, as can radiation therapy. [1][2][3] Next, severe trauma, ballistic and nonballistic in nature, can also damage the orbit, 4 while other defects may be congenital in nature. 1 In general, orbital defects vary significantly from one to the next, and use of appropriate terminology can help reconstructive surgeons communicate and better formulate a reconstructive plan.…”

Section: Defects Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also leaves the extraocular muscles and optic nerve intact. 1 Orbital evisceration is more common after localized traumatic injuries to the globe in which the globe itself and functional eyesight cannot be preserved, but the sclera, extraocular muscles, and surrounding structures are uninvolved. Small, intraocular tumors are also a cause of evisceration.…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are implant-associated prostheses and free prostheses that are secured with adhesives (►Figs. [1][2][3] or to a pair of glasses. 4,10 Prosthetics that attach to an implant typically have greater stability, less skin irritation and required care, do not need adhesives to stay in place, and can last longer than traditional prostheses; an adhesive prosthesis can be expected to last 1 to 3 years, while bone-anchored prostheses can last 3 to 5 years.…”

Section: Osseointegrated Versus Adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Prosthetic Reconstruction of Orbital Defects

Vincent

Kohlert

Kadakia

et al. 2019

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

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Orbital and craniomaxillofacial defects, in general, are best approached preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team with a clear reconstructive plan in place. Orbital defects result from a myriad of underlying diseases and injuries, and reconstruction after orbital evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration can pose a challenge to the reconstructive team. Reconstruction of orbital injuries with orbital implants and prostheses can lead to acceptable aesthetic outcomes, and the reconstructive surgeon should be familiar with current orbital implants and prostheses. Herein, the authors review terminology and classifications of orbital defects, different types of orbital implants, advantages and disadvantages of different orbital implant reconstructive options, types of orbital prostheses, and pros and cons of different prosthetic options.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defects Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Osseointegrated Versus Adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Prosthetic Reconstruction of Orbital Defects

Vincent

Kohlert

Kadakia

et al. 2019

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

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“…Traditional polymers, such as silicone and acrylic have been used in prosthetics for over 50 years [116,117] and their relevant characteristics are well established. [118] Newer and more complex polymers designed specifically for 3D printing have also recently entered the market. [18,42,49] In some of these cases, materials can be blended as desired during fabrication to produce biomimetic objects with functional gradients of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Polymers In Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past, Present, and Future of Soft‐Tissue Prosthetics: Advanced Polymers and Advanced Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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past 30 years, [12,13] it is only the last decade that has seen its rapid development as part of the fourth industrial revolution. [14] This change in practice is evidenced by the significant fraction of recent literature describing advances in 3D printed prostheses, including technological advances [4,15-18] and clinical reports. [19,20] Further innovations involving collaborations between clinicians, academics, and industry, promise even greater capabilities. The future will see 3D printers that can mix materials as desired during fabrication [21] and those that can 3D print organic semiconductors and piezoelectric polymers for sensing and bionics [22-24] (Figure 1). This report is focused on polymers for soft tissue, external, personalized, prosthetics with clinical applications for the ear, [25] nose, [26] eye, [27] face, [28] breast, [29] and hand. [30] The characteristics of both traditional and 3D printable polymeric materials, as well as current advanced manufacturing technologies and those in development, are also reviewed. The earliest evidence of prosthetics dates back to ≈2300 BC, where Egyptian mummies have been discovered with eye, nose, and genital reconstructions fashioned from plaster packed with mud, sand, linen, butter, or soda (Figure 1). [31] Wood, cloth, natural waxes, resins, and metals were later used as the material of choice for rudimentary prostheses. [32] Prostheses remained relatively unchanged for thousands of years until the 16th century, where prosthetic noses and eyes were made from parchment, wax, wood, hard rubber, gold, silver, and copper. [33] Metals continued as a fundamental material throughout the 19th century, largely due to their ability to be shaped and molded as needed. [34,35] One of the first polymers to be used in prosthetics, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was developed in response to the glass shortages in the World Wars of the 20th Century. [36] This polymer went on to become the most common prosthetic material of the time, and still finds use today in artificial eyes [33] and prosthetic substructures. [37] Further innovations in the 20th century produced many new polymers, such as vinyls, copolymers, plastisols, and one of the most significant materials in prosthetics, silicone. [38] Discovered in the early 1900s by Fredrick Kipping, silicone was first used in prosthetics by George W Barnhart in 1960. [39] This versatile polymer remains a primary prosthetic material today due to its soft tissue-like properties, ease of manipulation, chemical inertness, durability, and excellent biocompatibility. [40,41] The search for alternative materials Millions of people worldwide experience disfigurement due to cancers, congenital defects, or trauma, leading to significant psychological, social, and economic disadvantage. Prosthetics aim to reduce their suffering by restoring aesthetics and function using synthetic materials that mimic the characteristics of native tissue. In the 1900s, natural materials used for thousands of years in prosthetics were replaced by syntheti...

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