Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening among Apparently Healthy Men of African Descent in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria

Erhabor, O; Zama, Isaac; Mainasara, A. S.; Shehu, R. A.; Iwueke, Ikechukwu; Festus, Aghedo; Ikhuenbor, D; Uko, Emmanuel Kufre; Igbineweka, O O

doi:10.9734/ibrr/2014/6362

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, in a study done in North Western Nigeria a higher prevalence of PSA results > 4 ng/ml was observed among farmers (11.77%) compared to business men (6.67%) and civil servants (5.66%) [9]. Physical activity such as cycling has also been shown to cause an increase in PSA levels among healthy males [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate Specific Antigen Screening among Men in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

Afogu¹,

Sunday-Adeoye²,

Ekwedigwe³

et al. 2017

OJU

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Background: Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among Nigerian men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is produced by the prostate gland and it is an important tumor marker in the screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer because the latter is often associated with elevated PSA levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and PSA levels of men presenting for prostate cancer screening at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 103 patients who were seen between January 2014 and December 2015 and screened for prostate cancer using PSA assay. Data was extracted from folders of patients using a proforma and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Result: Out of the 103 clients studied, 67 (65%) were between the ages of 40 and 59 years. The mean age was 54.38 ± 12.5 years. Eighty-one (78.6%) of the study population had PSA levels 4 ng/ml and below, 5 (4.9%) had PSA levels of 4.1 -10 ng/ml, while 17 (16.5%) had PSA levels > 10 ng/ml. The mean PSA was 4.75 ± 8.2 ng/ml. None of the patients with family history of cancer had PSA levels of >4 ng/ml. Those who were positive for HIV also had normal PSA results. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that the prevalence of men with raised PSA (>4 ng/ml) was high (21.4%) especially in the 60 -69 years age group. There is need to increase prostate cancer screening using PSA in our setting. The use of other parameters such as digital rectal examination, PSA density, PSA velocity and free PSA will be helpful to determine the need for histological diagnosis in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study done in North Western Nigeria among 106 men with an age range of 40 -70 years observed a prevalence of PSA > 4.0 ng/ml in 6.6% of the study population, with the highest prevalence in men > 60 years of age [9]. The authors recorded a positive and significant correlation between age and raised PSA levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Prostate Specific Antigen Screening among Men in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

Afogu¹,

Sunday-Adeoye²,

Ekwedigwe³

et al. 2017

OJU

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“…Thus Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is largely a microcosm of the West African subregion. The prevalence of abnormal PSA among apparently healthy men in West Africa ranges from 6.6% to 11.2%,[ 24 25 26 27 ] whereas the combined prevalence of abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA >4 ng/mL ranges from 5.8% to 7.1%,[ 25 26 ]…”

Section: Mortality-to-incidence Ratios and Screening For Prostate Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review

Okoye

2020

Avicenna J Med

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Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most preponderant cancer in men. It contributes to the high mortality-to-incidence ratio reported in West Africa and Asia largely due to low screening. The mortality risk is determined or predicted based on the prevalence of high-risk or aggressive PCa using a scoring or grading system such as Gleason score (GS), Gleason grade (GG), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. In this review, peer-reviewed articles found on databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central and, EMBASE were selected based on adherence to clinical guidelines for the classification of PCa. In West Africa and Asia, the result revealed that the frequency of high-risk PCa was 42% and 51.2% based on GS, 48.8% and 25.3% based on GG pattern, and 87.5% and 44.3% based on PSA level >10 ng/mL, respectively. Data revealed a high prevalence of high-risk PCa both in West Africa and Asia when compared with developed countries. However, the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa than in Asia. Studies have shown that high-risk PCas are associated with germline mutations and such mutations are prevalent in blacks and Asians than in whites. Thus, testing for germline mutations in patients with GS of ≥ 7, GG ≥ 3, high prostate density, low prostate volume, and PSA levels of >4.0 ng/mL may identify those at risk of developing lethal PCa and could reduce the mortality rates in Asia and West Africa.

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Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening among Apparently Healthy Men of African Descent in Sokoto, North Western, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Prostate Specific Antigen Screening among Men in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

Prostate Specific Antigen Screening among Men in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria

High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review

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