Prostate‐specific antigen

Brawer, Michael K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(200001/02)18:1<3::aid-ssu2>3.3.co;2-9

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, the 4 ng mL -1 cutoff limit for tPSA used as an indicator for a prostate biopsy procedure has been shown in the literature to have a positive predictive value of 31 to 54% (Brawer and Kirby, 1998). In our data, the KLK2 biomarker in blood had a positive predictive value of 87%, suggesting that our proposed procedure would prevent unnecessary biopsies by reducing from 46% to 13%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of the KLK2 and KLK3 genes in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with prostate cancer

et al. 2006

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We used the multiplex semi-quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) to investigate kallikrein 2 and 3 (KLK2 and KLK3) mRNA levels in prostate tissue from 42 prostate cancer patients, 33 of whom were also assessed for peripheral blood KLK2 expression by qualitative semi-nested RT-PCR. We found that KLK2 was an important tissue biomarker for distinguishing between prostate cancer patients and those with benign prostatic hyperplasia, particularly when KLK2 expression was > 60% of that of the β2-microglobulin constitutive gene. Patients with an average relative expression value ≥ 0.6 (cutoff value) had an eleven-fold higher chance of having prostate cancer. When one or two tissues samples were evaluated for KLK2 expression using the cutoff value the estimated chance of having prostate cancer was increased by seven times for one positive sample and 45 times for two positive samples. There was no significant correlation between KLK3 gene expression and prostate cancer diagnosis. Logistic regression for blood and tissue KLK2 expression successfully detected 92% of the prostate cancer cases. The detection of KLK2 in blood showed a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 82%. This study indicates that the KLK2 gene may be a useful molecular marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and that analysis of KLK2 expression in blood and tissues could provide a novel approach for the clinical investigation of this type of cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of the KLK2 and KLK3 genes in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with prostate cancer

et al. 2006

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“…It is estimated that for every patient who dies of prostate cancer, at least 380 others have prostate cancer that cannot be detected clinically. 31,32 The treatment of prostate cancer consists of radical surgery or radiotherapy, and both can cause complications, including a high frequency of sexual impotence, with a relevant frequency of major rectal and urinary dysfunction, as well as 1% to 2% mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of Prostate-Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Examination as Screening Tests for Prostate Carcinoma

Mistry¹,

Cable²

2003

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

205

123

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Background: Physicians commonly screen for prostate cancer by using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE). The usefulness of these screening mechanisms is not well established, however. A meta-analysis of PSA and DRE to detect prostate carcinoma was conducted with a focus on sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.Methods: A literature search of OVID database (1966 to November 1999) using the medical subject headings "prostate-specific antigen" and "mass screening," as well as "prostate carcinoma," was performed. Thirteen articles were selected for the meta-analysis in this study. Most studies included asymptomatic men older than 50 years from various countries. Pooled results were calculated from the individual reports for sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for PSA and DRE based on biopsy result as the reference standard.Results: The overall detection rate of prostate carcinoma was 1.8% based on a positive biopsy. Of the prostate carcinoma detected, 83.4% was localized. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for PSA were 72.1%, 93.2% and 25.1%, respectively; and for DRE were 53.2%, 83.6% and 17.8%, respectively.Conclusions: There were two major outcomes of this meta-analysis. One was the potential for detecting early-stage prostate cancer with these screening tests, because 83.4% of total cancers detected were localized. The second important outcome was that the overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for PSA were higher than those for DRE when used as a screening tool to detect prostate cancer. When a patient has abnormal findings using PSA and DRE, the chance of cancer is 1 in 4 or 5. Conversely, when findings from PSA and DRE are normal, the chance of missing a cancer is about 10%.

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“…The promoter of the PSA gene was chosen as the target (Cleutjens et al, 1996), since androgen-induced PSA synthesis is a wellcharacterized even in LNCaP cells (Young et al, 1992;Lee et al, 1995) and PSA has been used as a prostatespecific tumour marker (Brawer, 2000). AI is an LNCaP derivative that expresses the AR at higher levels compared to LNCaP cells, but is androgen independent in terms of cell growth and proliferation, and its cell cycle profile remains unaffected by androgen manipulation.…”

Section: Tip60 Mrna Is Upregulated In Androgen-depleted Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Tip60, an androgen receptor coactivator, and its role in prostate cancer development

et al. 2003

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Prostate‐specific antigen

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Differential expression of the KLK2 and KLK3 genes in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with prostate cancer

Differential expression of the KLK2 and KLK3 genes in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with prostate cancer

Meta-Analysis of Prostate-Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Examination as Screening Tests for Prostate Carcinoma

Expression of Tip60, an androgen receptor coactivator, and its role in prostate cancer development

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