Prostate Planning Treatment Volume Margin Calculation Based on the ExacTrac X-Ray 6D Image-Guided System: Margins for Various Clinical Implementations

A Prospective Study of Intrafraction Prostate Motion in the Prone vs. Supine Position

“…Some groups localize the prostate using tattoos and bony anatomy (15,16) or ultrasound (17). These approaches suffer from a number of shortcomings.…”

Residual Translational and Rotational Errors after kV X-Ray Image-Guided Correction of Prostate Location Using Implanted Fiducials

“…Larger random components are generally found utilizing daily online imaging. Chung et al [5], McNair et al [25] and Alonso-Arrizabalaga et al [1] found random errors in SI and AP twofold larger than systematic components, Enmark et al [9] even threefold.…”

“…Litzenberg et al [24] found for prefraction implanted marker alignment with transponders 1.8, 7.1, and 5.8 mm in LR, SI, and AP directions, with continuous tracking 1.3, 1.5, and 1.5 mm pointing to the meaning of intrafraction movement. Alonso-Arrizabalaga et al [1] stated that daily online correction based on marker seeds would result in margins of 1.9, 6.2, and 4.7 mm in LR, SI, and AP. Scarbrough et al [34] recommended treatment margins for FM positioning with ET in the magnitude of 3 mm.…”

Dosimetric Impact and Theoretical Clinical Benefits of Fiducial Markers for Dose Escalated Prostate Cancer Radiation Treatment

“…Alonso-Arrizabalaga et al (27) reported that the PTV margins could be reduced to 1.9, 6.2, and 4.7 mm (LR, SI, and AP, respectively) with FM and daily online correction. For both studies, reduction in setup error resulted in a large PTV margins reduction (>50% in AP direction) when compared with bony anatomy or skin mark setup.…”