“…Clinical studies of injectable hyaluronic acid, 109 a polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel,110, 111, 112 human collagen, 113 and an implantable, biodegradable balloon114, 115 to separate the prostate from the rectum during prostate EBRT have been reported. Injection of these spacer materials between the rectum and prostate gland has been shown to be safe and to reduce exposure of the rectum to conventionally fractionated IMRT,111, 112, 113, 115, 116 hypofractionated IMRT, 109 and SBRT 117 . Although some early evidence suggests lower-than-expected rates of acute gastrointestinal side effects with the use of spacer materials during prostate EBRT, 110 further research is needed before this technique can be recommended as a standard component of prostate EBRT, particularly considering potential risks of the implantation.…”