Prostate Disease Risk Factors among a New Zealand Cohort

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is a leading public health burden worldwide, and in New Zealand it is the most commonly registered cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths among males. Genetic variability and its associations with diet, demographic and lifestyle factors could influence the risk of this disease. Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a group of antioxidant genes and related markers were tested between patient and control cohorts, adjusted for significant differences between basic lifestyle and demographic characteristics. Results: Increasing age, smoking and low serum selenium levels were significantly associated with an increased risk for prostate disease. Alcohol consumption increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. A significant reduction in alcohol consumption was recorded with prostate disease. Three SNPs, namely GPx1 rs1050450, SEL15 rs5845 and CAT rs1001179, were significantly associated with prostate disease risk. A cumulative risk of prostate cancer was noted with 6 risk alleles. A lower GPx activity was recorded with prostate disease compared to the controls. However, the GPx1 rs1050450 allele T in association with prostate cancer recorded a significantly higher GPx activity compared to the controls. Conclusions: These data point to a possibility of identifying individuals at risk of prostate cancer for better management purposes.

Polymorphisms of eNOS, catalase, and myeloperoxidase genes in prostate cancer in Turkish men: preliminary results

“…Geybels et al (2015) suggested that CAT gene polymorphism is associated with stage III/IV prostate cancers. In addition, Karunasinghe et al (2012) found a significant association between the C-262T allele and increased risk to PCa. In accordance with these results, Tefik et al (2013) found that CAT C-262T polymorphism is associated with increased risk to PCa.…”

“…The activity of CAT, which is an essential antioxidant, was found to be significantly diminished in PCa patients. There are conflicting results in the literature regarding the role of the CAT (C-262T) gene polymorphism in PCa (Choi et al, 2007;Battisti et al, 2011;Karunasinghe et al, 2012;Tefik et al, 2013;Geybels et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2015). Geybels et al (2015) suggested that CAT gene polymorphism is associated with stage III/IV prostate cancers.…”

The 811 C/T polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the selenoprotein 15-kDa (Sep15) gene and breast cancer in Caucasian women

“…In animal models, changes in the Sep15 structure promoted the experimental carcinogenesis in the mammary gland in mice [21,22]. However, as shown in Table 3, the described link between Sep15 Hu [16] Breast 60 African-American (USA) Increased cancer risk in CG/CG homozygotes Hu [16] Head and neck 33 African-American (USA) Decreased risk in CG/TA heterozygotes Hu [16] Head and neck 94 Caucasian (USA) No association Hu [16] Chronic myelogenous leukemia No association for SEP15 alone; two-loci interaction between SEPP1 and SEP15 3′-UTR polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility is not obvious [11,16,[23][24][25][26][30][31][32][33].…”

“…Karunasinghe et al reported an interesting finding in a New Zealand cohort with predominant European ancestry. The TT genotype at the 811 position of the 3′-UTR of the Sep15 gene was significantly overrepresented (11.5 %) in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia as compared either to healthy controls (3.5 %) or to patients with prostate cancer (5.4 %) [25]. In the seminal study of Hu et al [16], a significant association between the Sep15 811T allele variant and elevated breast cancer risk in African-American women was observed.…”

“…Sutherland et al described an increased colorectal cancer risk in Asian men carrying the Sep15 811T allele, but this effect could not been confirmed in women [23]. For prostate cancer, no risk increase was reported for any of the Sep15 allelic variants [24][25][26]. However, the 1125 AA (corresponding to the 811 TT) genotype was associated with a non-significant trend in prostate cancer mortality.…”