Prostate care and prostate cancer from the perspectives of undiagnosed men: a systematic review of qualitative research

Kannan, Ashwini; Kirkman, Maggie; Ruseckaite, Rasa; Evans, Sue

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022842

Cited by 9 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Explanations based on allusions to “Australian masculinity”, whether or not they reflected the participants’ own perspectives, are consistent with results of other research that found the masculine stereotype to be one of stoic, silent endurance, in which help-seeking is unmanly [14]. This hegemonic masculinity has a long history and is not confined to Australia [15, 16]; vigilance and action are necessary to counteract its effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia

et al. 2019

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Previous research in Victoria, Australia, found differences in prostate cancer outcomes in regional and metropolitan areas. This investigation of undiagnosed men in regional areas and a metropolitan area of South Australia sought their perspectives on prostate cancer. Our aim was to learn whether men who had not been diagnosed could shed light on why men outside metropolitan areas tended to have poorer outcomes than metropolitan men. Our goal was to build on evidence contributing to improving outcomes in prostate cancer care. Semi-structured interviews were designed to elicit explanation and meaning. 15 men (10 metropolitan, 5 regional) not diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited through widely-distributed flyers in medical and community settings. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; transcripts were analysed thematically. Five main themes were identified, four of which were prompted by the questions: Addressing prostate health , Experiences with and expectations of GP s, Differences in care between regional and metropolitan areas , and Achieving early diagnosis . The fifth theme arose spontaneously: Australian masculinity . Men identified as problematic the limited availability of GPs in regional areas, the lack of consistency in approaches to prostate cancer detection, and men’s reluctance to seek medical care. Community-level strategies appear to be valued to encourage men to address prostate health. Maintaining and extending a systemic approach to prostate care may improve outcomes for men in Australia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia

et al. 2019

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“…Existential fear could also be perceived as a sign of weakness. Eventually, this construct of masculinity made some men avoid situations that could make them appear weak [ 15 ]. This further emphasizes the importance of an approach that maps individual beliefs and experiences that affects their health behaviors [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst several studies address men’s information needs and emotional challenges after a PCa diagnosis, few studies have focused on these aspects before a PCa diagnosis [ 15 , 16 ]. Little is known regarding men’s perception of the possible emotional strain in the diagnostic phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research shows that men are generally aware that PCa can pose an important health issue [ 19 ]. However, a systematic review of qualitative research found that the understanding of causes, symptoms, anatomy, and diagnosis of PCa is limited among undiagnosed men [ 15 ]. Studies have reported that men experience uncertainty when confronted with an elevated PSA level and future management plan [ 18 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Men’s perception of information and descriptions of emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer—a qualitative individual interview study

Søndergaard

Lode

Kjosavik

et al. 2021

Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care

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Objective To explore men`s perception of information and their possible emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer. Design, setting, patients A qualitative explorative research design was employed. Data were collected from June to November 2017. The study was set at a urological outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Norway. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten men who had been examined for prostate cancer. Interviews were analyzed using Systematic Text Condensation (STC). Results The analysis revealed three themes. The theme ‘Different needs and perceptions of information’ illustrated that information should be personalized. Despite different information needs, insufficient information about prostate cancer may prevent some men from being involved in decisions. The theme, ‘A discovery of not being alone’, indicated that a sense of affinity occurs when men realize the commonality of prostate cancer. Some men benefited from other men’s experiences and knowledge about prostate cancer. The last theme ‘Worries about cancer and mortality’ showed that the emotional strain was affected by men’s knowledge of cancer and the received information. Men expressed conflicting feelings toward prostate cancer that could be difficult to express. Conclusions The findings indicate that men in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer are not a homogeneous group, but need personalized information. Some men may benefit from other men’s experiences and support. Men’s emotional strain can affect their communication about prostate cancer, which should be acknowledged. Procedures that identify patients’ information needs early on should be an integrated part of the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer. KEY POINTS Knowledge about men’s information needs and possible emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer are limited. Men with suspected prostate cancer have different preferences and information needs; however, insufficient information prevents men from participating in decisions. Men experience a sense of affinity with other men affected by prostate cancer, and some men benefit from exchanging experiences. Men consider prostate cancer as a less aggressive type of cancer but may experience emotional strain.

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“…A multicenter study performed in the Netherlands reported that 28% of the patients had elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms before a breast cancer screen, 14 and a cancer diagnosis is known to cause trauma for most patients. 15 While infection or prostate enlargement, as well as PC, can be a cause of elevated PSA levels 16 individuals often feel restless and anxious (PSA anxiety) if they learn that their levels are above normal. 17 PNB is also recommended for some patients with normal PSA levels who had prostate nodules observed by MRI or abnormal DRE results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Is it painful’? A qualitative study on experiences of patients before prostate needle biopsy

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo assess the experiences and emotional reactions of men prior to receiving a prostate needle biopsy (PNB).DesignThis was a qualitative study involving (1) material research and filter, (2) interviewer training, (3) cognitive semistructured interviews with open-ended questions, (4) data analysis, including translation and back translation and (5) group discussions to determine common themes in the data. All interviews were digitally audio-recorded. The thematic analysis was conducted by repeatedly reading the data manuscript and engaging in group discussion.Setting and participantsA total of 30 participants with suspected prostate cancer (PC) who were scheduled to receive a PNB were interviewed. Eligible participants were Chinese native men aged 51–77 years, and the study was conducted in China between September and December 2020. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study and provided written informed consent.ResultsFour main themes were identified based on the interview content: (1) fear (of pain, adverse effects and bad results), (2) impact of lower urinary tract symptoms (on emotional impact, work and sleeping), (3) inner struggles (relating to hesitation, regret and embarrassment) and (4) lifestyle change (including diet, exercise and receipt of traditional Chinese medicine).ConclusionsThis patient cohort had a low level of knowledge about PC and PNB. Providing additional education about these topics would help to reduce patient fear and anxiety and improve experiences of the procedure.

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Prostate care and prostate cancer from the perspectives of undiagnosed men: a systematic review of qualitative research

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia

Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia

Men’s perception of information and descriptions of emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer—a qualitative individual interview study

‘Is it painful’? A qualitative study on experiences of patients before prostate needle biopsy

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