Prostate Cancer Tumor Grade Differentiation with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in the Rat: Comparison of Macromolecular and Small-Molecular Contrast Media—Preliminary Experience

Abstract

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging permits differentiation of histopathologic prostatic tumor types. Quantitative microvascular permeability characteristics estimated from macromolecular CM-enhanced data were significantly superior to those derived from small-molecular CM-enhanced data.

Quantitative Estimation of Permeability Surface-Area Product in Astroglial Brain Tumors Using Perfusion CT and Correlation with Histopathologic Grade

“…1,2 Increased vascular permeability has also been associated with malignant tumor microvessels and has been evolving as a surrogate marker of tumor angiogenesis and thus tumor grade. 3 Higher permeability has been associated with higher tumor grade [4][5][6][7][8] and has also been shown to decrease in response to antiangiogenic therapy due to decreased tumor growth predicting tumor response. 9 Noninvasive measurement of vascular permeability has been done by using various MR perfusion techniques, which also have been correlated with glioma grading and treatment response.…”

Imaging hypoxia in gliomas

“…Advanced MRI techniques can be used to measure tumour perfusion and indirectly provide insights into hypoxia and angiogenesis in malignant tissues [37,[140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147]. Several MRI techniques are available, including DCE-MRI, which allows measurements of microvascular properties, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which measures metabolite ratios, MR diffusion imaging and blood oxygen level-dependent MRI [148].…”

VatuximabTM: Optimizing Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer Based on Dynamic MR Tumor Oximetry

“…Following intravenous infusion, these reporter molecules are trapped in tissues in the absence of oxygen, very much like molecules such as pimonidazole and EF5 that are widely used in histological assessment of hypoxia (33). Many such reporter molecules have been developed for different modalities such as NMR (34)(35)(36), positron emission tomography (PET) (37)(38)(39)(40) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (41,42). The red shift of the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) under hypoxic conditions has also been used to image hypoxia by fluorescence imaging (43).…”

“…This represents a strong influence of residence time on R 1p , possibly as important as the inter-nuclear fluorine-oxygen distance. 2 Although there is no theoretical reason to expect linearity in R 1d and R 1p with temperature, a linear approximation can be made for R 1d and R 1 p / k from a purely practical standpoint within the biologically relevant temperature range (e.g., [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] o C). If the respective relaxation rate maxima occur in the middle of this range, the slope and intercept may "appear" to be temperature independent).…”

“…In this respect, radionuclide and optical imaging techniques can offer far superior sensitivity, potentially with pico to nanomolar requirements. Fluorescence imaging is becoming more attractive with the commercial availability of many labeling kits [40] and new instrumentation, which allows spectral deconvolution [41]. However, fluorescence imaging can suffer from signal quenching and is generally a two-dimensional technique.…”