Prostate Cancer in Sub Saharan Africa

Jalloh,

doi:10.12970/2310-984x.2013.01.01.4

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Also, adenocarcinoma was the commonest histologic type [33]. These findings were also documented by other workers [11,17,34]. For meaningful outcome in the management of cancer, early detection and appropriate treatment with curative intent should be the goal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Presentation, Characteristics and Co-morbidities of Men with Prostate Cancer in Nigeria

Ofoha

Magnus

2019

JAMMR

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Aims:To determine the presentation, characteristics and associated co-morbidities in Nigerian men with prostate cancer. Methodology: Men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analyzed. The age of the men, PSA pattern, histologic type, Gleason score, stage of the disease, associated co-morbidities and treatment received by the men were recorded. The effect of co-morbidities on disease aggressiveness using Gleason score and PSA as determinants was determined using Pearson correlation. SPSS version 23 was used in analyzing the data. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Eighty-one patients with prostate cancer from 2010 to 2018 were involved in the study. The mean age was 67.58±9.42 years with a range of 42 to 96years. Men with PSA >100 ng/ml had the highest frequency (34.60%). The mean Gleason Score was 6.28±2.13. Gleason score 7-8 had the highest frequency (35.8%). Seventy-nine patients (97.5%) had adenocarcinoma. Eighty- Ofoha and Magnus; JAMMR, 31(5): 1-7, 2019; Article no.JAMMR.52918 2 one percent of the men had advanced Pca, 58% being metastatic disease. 48.1% had comorbidities, 39.5% had hypertension, while 8.6% had both hypertension and diabetes. Comorbidities showed no correlation with PSA level (r=0.346), (p-value 0.375) and Gleason score (r=0.194), (p-value 0.639). Seventy-nine percent of the men had androgen deprivation therapy. Conclusion: Most of the men presented with advanced disease, with all indices pointing towards lethal disease. The commonest co-morbidity was hypertension and co-morbidities had no relationship with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. To ensure early presentation and prevent lethal forms of Pca, health education, screening, counselling for men in the high-risk group is paramount. Original Research Article

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Presentation, Characteristics and Co-morbidities of Men with Prostate Cancer in Nigeria

Ofoha

Magnus

2019

JAMMR

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“…Although this rate is lower than the 40.07% recorded in our previous studies [9] and the 39.0% prevalence recorded in Kumasi by Gyamfi et al, [10] in 2014. Similar findings have been reported in Senegal and South Africa with a prevalence rate of 30.6% and 43% respectively [2]. A contrasting prevalence rate of 10.0% and 15.7% respectively was recorded in Tobago and Nigeria studies [1].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…While our study findings validate this statement by reporting a minimum and maximum age of 46 and 101 years respectively, a similar prevalent situation among younger men (<40 years of age) is very likely to be recorded. The mean age in Iran was 66.2 years [16] whiles that of Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal recorded 68, 67 and 69 years respectively [2]. Togo and Burkina Faso also recorded a mean age of 70 and 71.5 years respectively [16,17] and these are by far to the best of our knowledge, the closest to our study across the continent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

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Untitled

2019

JNH

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Introduction: Prostate cancer is gradually reaching a very high incidence in Africa, especially in the Sub-Saharan region. Understanding the dynamics in occurrence of the disorder is one approach to developing effective public health programmes and interventions that will help curb the rising incidence. Objective: This study was aimed at providing comprehensive and credible data on prostate cancer by assessing the incidence, trend and presentation in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. We sought to provide region-specific hardcore data that will help to assess the issue and provide remedies. Methodology: All prostate disease cases recorded from the year 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects from 40 years and above were eligible for screening. Diagnostic and screening tools for prostate cancer at the study site include family history, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, digital rectal examination, urological ultrasound scan and histopathology (biopsy). Age, PSA values and year of screening/diagnosis were also retrieved from patient folders for the study. Histological findings and parameters considered in the study included diagnosis, carcinoma grading, perineural invasion (PNI) and percentage of affected tissues (%TA). Results: Prostate cancer cases were 369, representing 36.4% of the 1,014 prostate diseases studied. The highest annual incidence was recorded in 2014 with 51 cases (13.8%). The ages of patients ranged from 46 to 101 years with a modal age range of 70-79 years and a mean ± SD of 72.2 ± 9.8. The mean PSA value recorded was 37.1ng/ml (±107.3) with predominance in the 11-20.9 ng/ml range. Majority of Group Grade 2-5 (79%) constituted progressive prostate cancer. There was no significant correlation (p = 0.091) between grade of prostate cancer and perineural invasion. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of prostate cancer in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana (32 per 100,000), predominantly advanced prostatic carcinoma. Reported cases also show high %TA (38.7%) and PNI (38.0%). Early screening for prostate diseases should be encouraged to avoid progression to advanced stage and public health interventions are needed to address some of these issues.

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“…These are consistent with established trends that 81% of all female breast cancers occur in women who are 50 years and above [28] . Prostate cancer is said to be disease of the aged and as such common in men 60 years and above [29,30] . In our study, the pattern of serum ccfDNA levels and DNA integrity among cancer patients and healthy controls, and with disease severity was consistent with earlier studies [12][13][14]19,26,27] with regard to the prostate and endometrial cancer groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating cell-free DNA integrity as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast and prostate cancers

et al. 2019

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Background: Cancer incidence and its related mortality is rising and is currently the second leading cause of death globally. In Africa, breast and prostate cancer in females and males, respectively, are the worst globally. However, biomarkers for their early detection and prognosis are not well developed. This study sought to investigate circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) integrity and its potential utility as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is degraded DNA fragments released into the blood plasma. In healthy individuals, the source of ccfDNA is solely apoptosis, producing evenly sized shorter DNA fragments. In cancer patients, however, necrosis produces uneven longer cell-free DNA fragments in addition to the shorter fragments originating from apoptosis. DNA integrity, expressed as the ratio of longer fragments to total DNA, may be clinically useful for the detection of breast and prostate cancer progression.Methods: Sixty-four (64) females, consisting of 32 breast cancer patients and 32 controls, and 61 males (31 prostate cancer patients and 30 controls) were included in the study. Each participant donated 5 ml peripheral blood from which sera were separated. Real-time qPCR was performed on the sera to quantify ALU 115 and 247 levels, and DNA integrity (ALU247/ALU115) determined.Results & Conclusion: ALU species 115 and 247 levels in serum were elevated in breast and prostate cancer patients compared to their counterpart healthy controls. DNA integrity was higher in prostate cancer patients than in the control, but in breast cancer patients was lower compared to

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Prostate Cancer in Sub Saharan Africa

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Presentation, Characteristics and Co-morbidities of Men with Prostate Cancer in Nigeria

Presentation, Characteristics and Co-morbidities of Men with Prostate Cancer in Nigeria

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Circulating cell-free DNA integrity as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast and prostate cancers

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