Prostate Cancer Early Detection Program Recruitment Methods and Show Rates in Men at High Risk

Abstract

Purpose-Men with a family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PCA) and African American (AA) men are at higher risk for PCA. Recruitment and retention of these high-risk men into early detection programs has been challenging. We report a comprehensive analysis on recruitment methods, show rates, and participant factors from the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program (PRAP), which is a prospective, longitudinal PCA screening study.Materials and Methods-Men 35-69 years are eligible if they have a FH of PCA, are AA, or have a BRCA1/2 mutation. Recruitment methods were analyzed with respect to participant demographics and show to the first PRAP appointment using standard statistical methods Results-Out of 707 men recruited, 64.9% showed to the initial PRAP appointment. More individuals were recruited via radio than from referral or other methods (χ 2 = 298.13, p < .0001). Men recruited via radio were more likely to be AA (p<0.001), less educated (p=0.003), not married or partnered (p=0.007), and have no FH of PCA (p<0.001). Men recruited via referrals had higher incomes (p=0.007). Men recruited via referral were more likely to attend their initial PRAP visit than those recruited by radio or other methods (χ 2 = 27.08, p < .0001).Conclusions-This comprehensive analysis finds that radio leads to higher recruitment of AA men with lower socioeconomic status. However, these are the high-risk men that have lower show rates for PCA screening. Targeted motivational measures need to be studied to improve show rates for PCA risk assessment for these high-risk men.

Prostate Cancer Education, Detection, and Follow-Up in a Community-Based Multiethnic Cohort of Medically Underserved Men

“…This is consistent with the observations of Weinrich, Boyd, Bradford, Mossa, and Weinrich (1998) and Powell et al (1997) who observed that recruitment of AA men, educational assessment, and PCa screening were most successful when conducted simultaneously at natural gathering places such as work and church sites. Giri et al (2009) previously reported that the “show rate” for evaluation was adversely affected by AA race, lower education level, not being married/partnered, being unemployed, lower income, and having no family history of PCa while using a model which separated initial recruitment from evaluation. Similar adverse risk factors were common to the POP population.…”

Decreased Prostate Cancer-Specific Survival of Men with BRCA2 Mutations from Multiple Breast Cancer Families

“…However, studies examining the impact of men at risk of prostate cancer and the associated recruitment and retention into early detection programs have shown that these programs are becoming more prevalent (10)(11).…”

Rates and predictors of colorectal cancer screening by race among motivated men participating in a prostate cancer risk assessment program

“…The design of the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program has been described previously 16, 17. Briefly, the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program was established in 1996 with the objectives of providing prostate cancer education, risk assessment, and early detection for men at high risk and to research genetic and epidemiologic factors contributing to the increased susceptibility to prostate cancer.…”

“…Eligibility criteria include men aged 35 to 69 years with any of the following: 1) 1 first‐degree relative with prostate cancer, 2) 2 second‐degree relatives with prostate cancer on the same side of the family, 3) any African American man regardless of a family history of prostate cancer, or 4) men with known mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 . Recruitment of Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program participants has been reported in detail16 and includes physician referrals, radio advertisements in the greater Philadelphia area, referrals by family/friends, and community events/health fairs. In addition to Fox Chase Cancer Center, participants are currently also recruited at 2 community Fox Chase Cancer Center Partner hospitals.…”

“…The design of the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program has been described previously. 16,17 Briefly, the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program was established in 1996 with the objectives of providing prostate cancer education, risk assessment, and early detection for men at high risk and to research genetic and epidemiologic factors contributing to the increased susceptibility to prostate cancer. Eligibility criteria include men aged 35 to 69 years with any of the following: 1) 1 first-degree relative with prostate cancer, 2) 2 seconddegree relatives with prostate cancer on the same side of the family, 3) any African American man regardless of a family history of prostate cancer, or 4) men with known mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2.…”