Prostate cancer: another aspect of the insulin‐resistance syndrome?

Barnard, R. James; Aronson, William J.; Tymchuk, Christopher N.; Ngo, Tung H.

doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00081.x

Cited by 100 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…13,14 It has been demonstrated that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia suppress the production of IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) and IGFBP-2 in the liver while increasing the production of IGF-1. 13 It has been reported that IGF-1 contributes to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer through a number of mechanisms, including increased proliferation of both normal and neoplastic prostate cells and inhibition of apoptosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in African‐American men

Beebe‐Dimmer

Dunn

Sarma

et al. 2007

Cancer

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BACKGROUND.Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of conditions that includes hypertension, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, and high blood glucose levels. Over the past decade, a growing body of literature suggests that metabolic syndrome may be associated with several different forms of cancer. Because prostate cancer risk is highest among African Americans, and these men, similarly, are more prone to developing specific features of the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension and type‐2 diabetes, any relationships would have a significant impact on developing strategies for the primary prevention of prostate cancer.METHODS.The Flint Men's Health Study is a community‐based, case‐control study of prostate cancer conducted exclusively among African Americans. Prostate cancer cases and controls completed an interviewer‐administered questionnaire that asked about the respondent's history of high blood pressure and diabetes. All men also participated in a physical examination in which several measures of body composition, including waist circumference, were collected.RESULTS.Hypertension was reported more commonly among men with prostate cancer (cases) compared with men in the control group (odds ratio [OR]. 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.5–3.7), and cases were more likely to have a waist circumference >102 cm (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–2.9). However, self‐reported diabetes was not associated with prostate cancer risk. The men with prostate cancer also were more likely than controls to exhibit multiple syndrome characteristics (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.0).CONCLUSIONS.The current results indicated that features of the metabolic syndrome, specifically abdominal obesity and hypertension, are associated with prostate cancer in African‐American men. This relationship, if it is proved causal, suggests that prevention or control of these conditions eventually may lead to a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer in this high‐risk minority group. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of the metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in African‐American men

Beebe‐Dimmer

Dunn

Sarma

et al. 2007

Cancer

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“…29 Insulin has been suggested to be an important factor in both BPH and PCa and both have been suggested to be additional aspects of the metabolic syndrome. 10,11 Future prospective trials should address the effects of this lifestyle modification on BPH symptomatology and progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,9 Recently it has been suggested that hyperinsulinemia may be involved in the development of BPH and that it is an aspect of the metabolic syndrome, along with other common health problems including PCa. 10,11 We previously reported that a low-fat, high-fiber diet and daily exercise intervention reduced serum insulin, slowed the growth of serum-stimulated, androgendependent LNCaP, PCa cells while inducing apoptosis in the LNCaP cells. 12,13 The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of the low-fat, high-fiber diet and exercise intervention on serum-stimulated growth of primary prostate epithelial cells in culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diet and exercise intervention on the growth of prostate epithelial cells

Barnard

Kobayashi

Aronson

2008

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between nutrient intake, hyperinsulinemia and risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasis (BPH). This study tests the hypothesis that a low-fat, highfiber diet and daily exercise would lower serum insulin and reduce the growth of serum-stimulated primary prostate epithelial cells in culture. Serum samples were obtained from eight overweight men before and after the Pritikin residential, 2-week diet and exercise intervention and from seven men who were long-term followers of the low-fat, high-fiber diet and regular exercise lifestyle. The serum was used to stimulate primary prostate epithelial cells in culture. Growth was measured after 48 and 96 h and apoptosis after 96 h. At 48 h there was no significant difference in growth within the Pre, 2-week or Long-Term groups. At 96 h growth was significantly reduced in the 2-week (13%) and in the Long-Term (14%) groups compared to the Pre data. At 96 h, apoptosis was not significantly different among the three groups. Fasting insulin was reduced by 30% in the 2-week group and by 52% in the Long-Term group compared to the Pre data. Testosterone was unchanged in the 2-week group. The results of this study indicate that a low-fat, high-fiber diet and daily exercise lowers insulin and reduces growth of prostate primary epithelial cells and suggests that lifestyle may be an important factor in the development or progression of BPH. Future prospective trials should address the effects of this lifestyle modification on BPH symptomatology and progression.

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“…10 Abdominal obesity, especially visceral fat, is associated with increased hepatic glucose synthesis and reduced glucose metabolism, higher free fatty acids and lower levels of SHBG 44 as well as with changes in inflammation and oxidative stress, 45,46 all factors that may increase risk of prostate cancer through different pathways (hormone-related, DNA damage and immune suppression). 36,38,47 BMI and waist circumference, however, were not risk modifiers in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of prostate cancer

Augustin

Galeone

Maso

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Dietary carbohydrates have different glycemic and insulinemic potentials depending on type (glycemic index, GI) and amount (glycemic load, GL) of carbohydrate consumed or both. Insulin in turn has been implicated as a risk factor for several cancers, including that of the prostate. We assessed the relationship of GI and GL with prostate cancer risk in a multicenter case-control study. Dietary factors associated with a Western lifestyle, such as high intakes of refined carbohydrates, fat, meat, dairy foods and excess energy, as well as lack of physical activity have been shown to increase prostate cancer risk. 1-5 A Western lifestyle is also associated with insulin resistance, which in turn has been linked to higher prostate cancer risk. 6 Dietary carbohydrates have different potentials to raise blood glucose and insulin levels and, hence, to modulate insulin sensitivity.The physiologic classification of carbohydrate foods based on postprandial blood glucose response is defined as the GI, a measure of carbohydrate quality (e.g., fast vs. slowly absorbable carbohydrates). 7 Derived from the GI is the GL, which represents quality and quantity of carbohydrate foods. The GI and GL of the diet are emerging risk factors for cancer, which have attracted attention following the association of the metabolic syndrome with the process of carcinogenesis. 6,8 -16 It has been proposed that low GI foods, by virtue of their slower rate of intestinal absorption, and insulin economy (reduced insulin levels) for a given carbohydrate load 17,18 may reduce the risk of insulin-related diseases including cancer. 13 The IGF system, which is also dependent on insulin levels, and in particular high levels of IGF-I, has been related to excess prostate cancer risk. 19 -22 However, no studies have yet looked at the association between prostate cancer risk and types of dietary carbohydrate using their physiologic classification. We therefore investigated the association of dietary GI and GL with prostate cancer risk in a casecontrol study conducted in Italy. MATERIAL AND METHODSA multicenter case-control study of prostate cancer was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. 23 Cases were 1,204 men (median age 66, range 46 -74 years) admitted with incident, histologically confirmed prostate cancer to the major teaching and general hospitals in the greater Milan area, the provinces of Pordenone and Gorizia in northern Italy, the province of Latina in central Italy and the urban area of Naples in southern Italy. Among cases, 39% were diagnosed because of symptoms, 23% through screening and 16% accidentally. For 22% of cases there was no information on type of diagnosis. Histologic grade (Gleason score) was 2-6 for 41% of cases, Ն7 for 30% of cases and unknown for the other 29%. Controls were 1,352 men (median age 63, range 46 -74 years) admitted to the same network of hospitals as cases for acute, nonmalignant conditions unrelated to long-term modifications of diet. Among controls, 33% had nontraumatic orthopedic disorders, 21% trauma, 17% s...

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Prostate cancer: another aspect of the insulin‐resistance syndrome?

Cited by 100 publications

References 59 publications

Features of the metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in African‐American men

Features of the metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer in African‐American men

Effect of diet and exercise intervention on the growth of prostate epithelial cells

Glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of prostate cancer

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