Prostate Benign Diseases

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used in the detection, localization, and staging of prostate cancer. Because of its excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplane imaging, it can be also very useful in the evaluation of benign prostate diseases. Prostatic benign disorders have a high prevalence, vastly represented by benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis. On the contrary, benign prostatic neoplasms are extremely rare, represented by multilocular cystadenoma, leiomyomas, hemangioma, and granular cell tumor, although these uncommon tumors have been most encountered due to widespread use of MRI. Congenital prostatic anomalies are associated with defects in the development of the prostate embryology, including hypoplasia, ectopia, and vascular malformations, abnormalities rarely seen on cross-sectional imaging. Prostatic cysts are the most common development abnormalities and occasionally are related to clinical symptoms, mainly due to infection and hemorrhage. As with prostate cancer, multiparametric MRI is a reliable tool for the diagnosis and management of benign prostatic diseases as well, providing additional information such morphological changes of the prostate, more accurate prostatic measurements, and functional characteristics of nonmalignant prostatic lesions. In this review, we discuss MRI findings of these benign prostatic diseases.

Anteriorly Placed Midline Intraprostatic Cyst Resulting in Bothersome Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Case Report

“…They are traditionally be classified as Müllerian duct and prostatic utricle cysts, and are of mesodermal or endodermal origin respectively. Unlike Müllerian duct cysts, utricular cysts communicate with the urethra, do not extend above the base of the prostate, may contain sperm, are usually diagnosed in childhood (peak of incidence < 20 years of age) and are frequently associated with various genitourinary abnormalities [ 2 , 13 ]. The present case, with an isolated non-communicating MPC arising at the base of the prostate to form a visible protrusion into the bladder lumen in an adult, may be considered as a müllerian duct cyst.…”

“…The present case, with an isolated non-communicating MPC arising at the base of the prostate to form a visible protrusion into the bladder lumen in an adult, may be considered as a müllerian duct cyst. However, not all MPCs are Müllerian duct cysts or prostatic utricle cysts [ 13 ], and the possibility of other cystic lesions should be considered (i.e. prostatic retention cysts).…”

“…Hence, we will strongly recommend this approach to our patient in case of symptomatic recurrence of his cyst. Regardless of the approach chosen, pathological examination of the cyst’s wall is important, since malignant transformation was reported in association with such MPCs, although anecdotal [ 13 ].…”

The confusing pelvic cystic mass: A case of giant prostatic utricle cyst diagnosed by ultrasound

“…PUC rarely increases and leads to corresponding symptoms including abdominal pain and malignant transformation 2 . It is affected by estrogen causing abnormal prostate development, often accompanying with hypospadias, pseudohermaphroditism, cryptorchidism and ipsilateral renal hypoplasia 3 . The incidence rate of PUC can increase to 11%–14% in children with hypospadias and abnormal sexual organs 4 …”

“…2 It is affected by estrogen causing abnormal prostate development, often accompanying with hypospadias, pseudohermaphroditism, cryptorchidism and ipsilateral renal hypoplasia. 3 The incidence rate of PUC can increase to 11%-14% in children with hypospadias and abnormal sexual organs. 4 An 8-year-old boy complained of gross hematuria with blood clots.…”