Prostaglandins in Semen: Their Occurrence and Possible Physiological Significance

Kelly, Rodney W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00591.x

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Together with previous results, the present findings indicate the need for re-examination of the possible relationship between seminal PG concentration and human sterility (Kelly, 1978). There is no convincing explanation for such large concentrations of PGs in the semen.…”

Section: Human Semenmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…There is no convincing explanation for such large concentrations of PGs in the semen. A physiological role in the metabolism of spermatozoa or an effect upon the female reproductive tract have been suggested and PGEs and 19-OH-PGE-l have been shown to interfere with uterine contraction (Martin & Bygdeman, 1975;Russell, Taylor & Kelly, 1979 (Kelly, 1978).…”

Section: Human Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins in the semen of fertile men

Gerozissis¹,

Dray²

1981

Reproduction

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Section: Human Semenmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Human Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins in the semen of fertile men

Gerozissis¹,

Dray²

1981

Reproduction

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“…Several reports have claimed that there is a correlation between PG levels in semen and otherwise unexplained male infertility (Kelly 1978). The lipocalin and hematopoietic PGD 2 synthases are also detected in seminal plasma and their concentrations are lower in oligozoospermic men than in normozoospermic men (Tokugawa et al 1998).…”

Section: Cox and Pgs In The Human Testismentioning

confidence: 94%

Cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in somatic cell populations of the testis

Frungieri¹,

Calandra²,

Mayerhofer³

et al. 2015

Reproduction

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Prostaglandins (PGs) are synthesized through the action of the rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) and further specific enzymes. The development of Cox-deficient mice in the 1990s gave insights into the reproductive roles of PGs. Female Cox-knockout mice were subfertile or infertile. Interestingly, fertility was not affected in male mice deficient in Cox, suggesting that PGs may not be critical for the functioning of the testis. However, this conclusion has recently been challenged by observations of important roles for PGs in both physiological and pathological processes in the testis. The two key somatic cell types in the testis, Leydig and Sertoli cells, express the inducible isoenzyme COX2 and produce PGs. Testicular COX2 expression in these somatic cells is regulated by hormonal input (FSH, prolactin (PRL), and testosterone) as well as by IL1b. PGs modulate steroidogenesis in Leydig cells and glucose uptake in Sertoli cells. Hence, the COX2/PG system in Leydig and Sertoli cells acts as a local modulator of testicular activity, and consequently may regulate spermatogenic efficiency. In addition to its expression in Leydig and Sertoli cells, COX2 has been detected in the seminiferous tubule wall, and in testicular macrophages and mast cells of infertile patients. These observations highlight the possible relevance of PGs in testicular inflammation associated with idiopathic infertility. Collectively, these data indicate that the COX2/PG system plays crucial roles not only in testicular physiology (i.e., development, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis), but more importantly in the pathogenesis or maintenance of infertility status in the male gonad. Further studies of these actions could lead to new therapeutic approaches to idiopathic male infertility.Free German abstract: A German translation of this abstract is freely available at

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“…But, the very high content of PGs of the "E" series in seminal plasma of man and higher primates and the known suppressive activity of PGE 2 on both lymphocytic proliferation and the activation by an interleukin-2-dependent mechanism support this fact. 49,50 Natural killer cells are also sensitive to PGE 2 .…”

Section: Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunobiology of Spermatozoa: A Review

Singhal

2014

Reproductive Biology Insights

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However, in most cases, there are no adverse immunological reactions in the female reproductive tract to ejaculated spermatozoa. 7 The reason for this could be the immuno-protective effect of seminal plasma, 8,9 which gets mixed with spermatozoa during ejaculation. In addition, factors like immune insult from bacterial infections 10,11 and female sex hormones 12 have been shown to influence the viability of spermatozoa and immune response against them in females. It has been found that there is sequential developmental change in the immunogenicity of a spermatozoon as it moves from rete testis toward the caput epididymidis, corpus epididymidis, and finally the cauda epididymidis. Indeed, it has been shown that rete testis spermatozoa are most immunogenic and cauda epididymidis spermatozoa are the least. This suggests that the spermatozoon loses its immunogenicity as it moves from rete testis toward the cauda epididymidis, and the immunogenicity of ejaculated spermatozoa could be less than those from the cauda epididymidis. ABSTRACT: Immunobiological changes in spermatozoa within the male reproductive tract are vital for their viability, and hence for reproductive efficiency. The secretions of the seminal vesicles have immunosuppressive property that attenuates the antigenic effects of spermatozoa in the male reproductive tract. However, when spermatozoa find a way to outside of the rete testis or epididymis due to trauma or infection, they can cause significant inflammatory and immunological reactions in the surrounding tissues. This has also been observed in the female reproductive tract. However, such cases are rare and the reason for this is unknown. Antisperm antibodies are the main cause of infertility in humans. The purpose of this review is to analyze these immunobiological changes from the time of spermatozoa formation in rete testis to their role in fertilizing the oocytes in the female reproductive tract.

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Prostaglandins in Semen: Their Occurrence and Possible Physiological Significance

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins in the semen of fertile men

Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins in the semen of fertile men

Cyclooxygenase and prostaglandins in somatic cell populations of the testis

Immunobiology of Spermatozoa: A Review

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