Prostaglandins

Samuelsson, Bengt; Granström, Elisabeth; Green, K; Hámberg, Mats; Hammarström, Sven

doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.003321

Cited by 566 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The reason that PGE1 is effective at 100 times the concentration of PGF2a is not clear. Conceivably, the difference is due to the fact that PGE1 can bind to the PGF2a, receptor, but at a much lower affinity (10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Russell¹,

Ho²

1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

180

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Green and Kehinde [( ) Cell 1, 113-1161 have isolated clones of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts that are able to convert to adipose cells. In this paper we report on two chemicals (prostaglandin F2a, 0.1 ug/ml, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine, 0.5 mM) that are able to rapidly and irreversibly program the fibroblasts to differentiate into adipose cells. Confluent cultures treated with prostaglandin F2a and insulin for 3-5 days, followed by insulin alone for 7-48 hr, yield numerous adipocyte colonies compared to control dishes and dishes treated with insulin alone. Cells treated with prostaglandin F2a or 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine alone, rinsed, and then exposed to insulin gave similar results, indicating that the continuous presence of the triggering agent is not required to elicit the conversion of the fibroblasts to adipocytes. Agents that raise intracellular levels of 3':5'-cyclic AMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 1.0 mM; 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, 0.5 mM; and prostaglandin El, 0.1 tg/ml) do not trigger the conversion process, suggesting that cyclic AMP may not be the mediator of differentiation in these cells. 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP, however, does induce the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (3':5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase; 3':5'-cyclic nucleotide 5'-nucleotidohydrolase; EC 3.1.4.17) in these cells; the induction appears to be mediated by increases in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. These results indicate that this cell line might offer a system for studying the regulation of a type of cellular differentiation.Green and his associates (1-3) have isolated a number of clones from the original stock of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts that convert to adipose cells under defined culture conditions. This conversion is a type of cellular differentiation which occurs after the cells stop growing, at which time there is an increased incorporation of fatty acid precursors into triglycerides. The conversion is blocked by treatment of growing cultures with bromodeoxyuridine. The differentiated phenotype appears, by electron microscopy, to be morphologically similar to normal adipose cells (2). The conversion involves the formation of numerous fat vacuoles, which coalesce into one large fat vacuole with time. The mature adipocyte does not divide. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose and the incorporation of radioactively labeled glucose, acetate, and palmitate into triglycerides, while epinephrine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP decrease the triglyceride content (3). These 3T3 fibroblasts appear to offer an excellent model system for the study of a differentiation process using cell culture.In this paper we report the ability of a natural compound (prostaglandin F2a)(PGF2,) and a synthetic compound (1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine) (MeiBu-Xan) to trigger the differentiation process by rapidly and irreversibly programming the fibroblasts to differentiate into adipose cells. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were obtained from Dr. H. Green, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., and were grown in Dulbecco-Vogt's modified ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Russell¹,

Ho²

1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

180

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“…Prostaglandin EL, l lc(,15(S)-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-13(trans)-enoicacid : prostaglandin E t , 1 la,-1 5(S)-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-5(cis),l3( trans)-dienoic acid ; prostaglandin F2=, 9a, 1 1 c(, 1 S(S)-trihydroxyprosta-5(cis), 1 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandin E₂ Production in 3T3 Cells Transformed by Polyoma Virus Raises the Intracellular Adenosine 3′: 5′‐Monophosphate Levels

Claesson

Lindgren

Hammarström

1977

European Journal of Biochemistry

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High cellular adenosine 3' : 5 '-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were found in a polyoma-virustransformed 3T3 fibroblast line, which produces comparatively high prostaglandin E2 concentrations. Prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP increased with time during 6 days of growth. Both effects were prevented by three different cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Addition of prostaglandin Ez, at a concentration which would have been synthesized in the absence of inhibitor, reversed the effect of indomethacin, one of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, on cyclic AMP. It is concluded that endogenous prostaglandin E2 production in these transformed cells influences their cellular cyclic AMP levels.E-type prostaglandins can raise cyclic AMP levels in many tissues and cultured cells by stimulating adenylate cyclase [l]. A number of reports indicate that animal cells in culture produce prostaglandins (see e.g. [2-11 3). However, it has not been clear if this prostaglandin production has effects on cellular cyclic AMP levels since the amounts of prostaglandins produced are often orders of magnitude lower than the amounts added to raise cyclic AMP. The question if endogenous prostaglandin production can influence cyclic AMP levels in cell cultures is an important one since many reports indicate that cyclic AMP has essential roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation . The present report shows that prostaglandin E2 production by polyoma-virustransformed 3T3 cells raises their cellular cyclic AMP concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODSDulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, calf serum, trypsin solution (2.5 %), and penicillin/streptomycin solution (10000 I.U./ml-10 mg/ml) were pur- Cell CulturesA polyoma-virus-transformed Balb/c 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast line, originally cloned by Dr G. Todaro, was kindly given to us by Dr M. M. Burger (University of Basel, Switzerland). This cell line will be referred to as py 3T3. The cells were passaged with 0.25 % trypsin and planted at 2 x lo5 cells per 90-mm petri dish in 10 ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% calf serum, 100 I.U./ ml of penicillin G and 0.1 mg/ml of streptomycin. Cultures were incubated at 37 "C in an atmosphere of 10% C02 in air and a relative humidity of 80%. The cells were free of mycoplasma contamination as judged by absence of cytoplasmatic incorporation of 3H-labeled thymidine [20]. All experiments were carried out in culture media containing 10% calf serum.

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“…The role of the F-prostaglandins in particular in spawning and hatching is feasible in view of their potent contractile activity and their reported role in follicular rupture and luteolysis in a number of vertebrate species (Samuelsson et al 1975, Demes 1979, Kennedy 1982, Stacey & Goetz 1982. As hatching and spawning are initiated by rhythmic movements of embryonic and gonadal muscle, respectively, a role for PGF compounds in bivalve reproduction gains credibility.…”

Section: Prostaglandins In Aquatic Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excellent reviews have been published describing discovery, nomenclature, biochemistry, and pharmacology of these hormone-like compounds derived from 0 6 and 0 3 polyenoic acids by complex enzymatic oxidative processes (Van Dorp et al 1964, Bergstrom et al 1968, Samuelsson et al 1975, Karim 1976, Needleman et al 1979, Robert & Newton 1982. The present degree of interest in this class of compounds is reflected by the number of publications in this field; a library computer search revealed that over O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany 12,500 articles on prostaglandin-related experimentation alone have appeared in the biomedical literature between 1981 and 1984. Prostaglandin synthesis is ubiquitous in mammalian systems (Bergstrom et al 1968, Kirton 1977, Demes 1979.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostaglandins in aquatic fauna: a comprehensive review

Ruggeri¹,

Thoroughgood²

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The presence and role of prostaglandin moieties in aquatic fauna have been a subject of study for only the last 15 yr. This review discusses the occurrence and physiological functions of these autocoids in a broad range of marine and freshwater fauna. The role of prostaglandins of the E and A series, in particular, in osmoregulation and mineral transport has been studied in several marine invertebrate phyla demonstrating analogy to the roles of these compounds in renal hemodynamics, diuresis, and electrolyte balance in higher terrestrial vertebrates. Prostaglandins of the F series have been implicated in the spawning and hatching processes in a number of marine invertebrates. These findings are discussed in parallel to the body of evidence impl~cating prostaglandins of the E and F series in the reproductive physiology and spawning behavior of a number of teleosts studied. Many of the advances leading to the present state of knowledge of eicosanoid biology in marine and freshwater fauna stem from advances in analytical methodology for the quantitative and qualitative study of these bioactive compounds. Despite these advances, progress in the field of eicosanoid biology in aquatic fauna has proceeded at a slow pace compared to that In terrestrial fauna, leaving significant gaps In current understanding of the roles of these compounds in numerous aquatic species. Continued research in this fleld holds promise for the marine biologist and biochemist, as well as the maricultur~st, if ongoing attempts to monltor and control the cultivation and reproduction of certain aquatic species is to be successful in the future.

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Prostaglandins

Cited by 566 publications

References 129 publications

Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Prostaglandin E₂ Production in 3T3 Cells Transformed by Polyoma Virus Raises the Intracellular Adenosine 3′: 5′‐Monophosphate Levels

Prostaglandins in aquatic fauna: a comprehensive review

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Prostaglandins

Cited by 566 publications

References 129 publications

Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipose cells: triggering of differentiation by prostaglandin F2alpha and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine.

Prostaglandin E2 Production in 3T3 Cells Transformed by Polyoma Virus Raises the Intracellular Adenosine 3′: 5′‐Monophosphate Levels

Prostaglandins in aquatic fauna: a comprehensive review

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Prostaglandin E₂ Production in 3T3 Cells Transformed by Polyoma Virus Raises the Intracellular Adenosine 3′: 5′‐Monophosphate Levels