Prostaglandin signaling suppresses beneficial microglial function in Alzheimer’s disease models

Exercise as a pro-cognitive, pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory intervention in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

“…In the APP SWE /PS-1 E9 model, increased mRNA expression of the microglial markers Iba1 and CD68 have been reported in mice as early as three months old (Johansson et al, 2015). Indeed, continued upregulation of these markers have been reported in aged mice of 14 and 24 months old (Minogue et al, 2014).…”

Nrf2 activation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on its role in mitochondrial bioenergetics and function

“…The clearance of PGs (which are anionic) from the brain to either the blood or the cerebrospinal fluid is mediated by efflux transport processes, with MRP4 playing a central role (Tachikawa et al, 2014). A recent study depicts that microglial beneficial functions combating the toxic effect of Aβ in the synapses are inhibited by PGE2 signaling, suggesting the inhibition of this activity as a promising strategy to prevent the progression of AD (Johansson et al, 2015). Increasing PGE2 clearance by MRP4 may be considered as a tool to achieve it, and Nrf2 inducers have been shown to up-regulate this ABC transporter.…”

Cerebroprotection by the neuronal PGE2 receptor EP2 after intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged mice

“…[13][14][15][16] These findings reflect cell-specific differences in EP2 signaling. In vivo work has shown that the EP2 receptor has beneficial effects in models of ischemic stroke 12,17,18 but detrimental effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, 19,20 Parkinson's disease, 21 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 22 Thus, the EP2 receptor may function differently under acute and chronic neuropathologic conditions, and cell-specific EP2 signaling may explain this dichotomy of action.…”