Prostaglandin E2 Predominantly Induces Production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor in Human Dental Pulp in Acute Inflammation

Abstract

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is also known as the scatter factor, is a broad-spectrum and multifunctional cytokine, mediates epithelial-mesenchyme interaction, and is shown to be involved in the development and regeneration of various tissues, including tooth. Here, we report that HGF was present in adult human dental pulps, and its levels increased during acute inflammation of the tissue. Levels of HGF mRNA in dental pulps also increased with inflammation, as determined by reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction. The production of HGF in fibroblasts from dental pulps in culture was dose-dependently stimulated by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and by prostaglandin (PG) E2, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also showed that indomethacin did not affect the increase in HGF production by the cells with IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and PGE2. The levels of HGF mRNA in the cells were simultaneously increased by these stimulants, as determined by Northern blotting. Since the production of PGs is known to increase at the beginning of inflammation, PGE2 may be involved in the regeneration of dental pulps by the induction of HGF expression after inflammation.

Regulation of tenascin expression in cultured rat dental pulp cells

“…21 Also, TGF-1 and HGF appear in human dental pulp tissues. 22,23 From these findings and the present results, TGF-1 , HGF, and RA possibly play a regulatory role of cell adhesion in both the developing tooth and dental pulp tissues.…”

Mature Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor on the Surface of Human Granulocytes Is Released by a Mechanism Involving Activated Factor Xa

“…2C). MM-12 cells were established as fibroblasts expressing low level of HGF and produced only 80 pg/ml HGF into culture supernatant with confluent cell culture in 48 h, as opposed to 1000 -3000 pg/ml HGF production by stromal cells from bone marrow or dental pulp fibroblasts with the same culture condition (9,39). Furthermore, we quantitatively determined mRNA levels of HGF by real-time RT-PCR.…”

“…Mesenchymal cells produce HGF in response to cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-␣, which are released during tissue injuries (7)(8)(9). HGF stimulates the growth of epithelial cells and induces angiogenesis to promote tubulogenesis by endothelial cells (10), thus playing a pivotal role in tissue injury repair.…”

Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Saliva of Patients with Renal Failure and Periodontal Disease

“…They include impact on bone metabolism, proliferation of epithelial cells, healing process, and local inflammatory condition. Experimental research carried out by the Yasushi Daikuhara group (Kagoshima University Dental School, Kagoshima, Japan) in the years 1993-2000 proved, for the first time, that gingival and dental pulp fibroblasts show the ability to HGF synthesis and secretion, [5][6][7][8] and this effect is particularly expressed during the exposure of fibroblasts in tissue culture to proinflammatory substances such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin E 2 . The connection between HGF and periodontitis was described for the first time by Ohshima et al [9][10][11] (Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan) in a series of articles published in the years 2000-2002. In clinical examination, they showed, for the first time, that HGF level in the fluid of gingival pockets in patients with PD is between 10 and 20 times higher than in subjects without PD.…”