Prostaglandin D₂and TH2 Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma

Abstract

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major prostanoid, produced mainly by mast cells, in allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma. PGD2-induced vasodilatation and increased permeability are well-known classical effects that may be involved in allergic inflammation. Recently, novel functions of PGD2 have been identified. To date, D prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) have been shown to be major PGD2-related receptors. These two receptors have pivotal roles mediating allergic diseases by regulating the functions of various cell types, such as TH2 cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells. This review will focus on the current understanding of the roles of PGD2 and its metabolites in TH2 inflammation and the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.

Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibits T Helper Cell Type 9 Differentiation during Allergic Lung Inflammation via Down-regulation of IL-17RB

“…PGD 2 production is induced by allergens and is released by mast cells during asthma attacks (43). PGD 2 causes several proinflammatory effects in the lung, including bronchoconstriction and eosinophilia (44). In contrast, PGE 2 has protective effects in models of allergic inflammation by suppressing bronchoconstriction, eosinophilia, and T cell proliferation (45).…”

Lipid mediator metabolic profiling demonstrates differences in eicosanoid patterns in two phenotypically distinct mast cell populations

“…Effects induced by PGD 2 are dependent on two main receptors, the PGD 2 receptor1 (DP1) ( 22 ) and the chemo-attractant homologous receptor expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) ( 37 ). The receptors can regulate infl ammatory cell migration, control cytokine production, and mediate lipid synthesis , and there is also speculation that they may cross-talk during infl ammatory events (38)(39)(40). It is notable that CRTH2 also can be activated by 11-dehydro-TXB 2 ( 41 ), a metabolite of TXB 2 that is formed via the COX/TXAS pathway ( Fig.…”

The History of Low Dose Medicine Research Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies with Low Dose SKA Cytokines Since 2009

“…All the articles show the ability of the messenger molecules to modulate the responses of immunitary cells in a highly selective fashion; especially, the immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory skills of the tested cytokines are clearly described. The ability to act in a refined manner on the Thl/Th2 balance is crucial for the management of diseases with diametrically opposed cytokine imbalances such as Bronchial Allergie Asthma (which shows a Th2 predominance) [33,34], Crohn's Disease [35,36] and Psoriasis Vulgaris [37,38] (Thldriven diseases).…”