“…Apart from the deorbit removal methods for spacecraft at the end of mission life, i.e., drag sail [23], inflate-sail [24], and electrodynamic tether [25], contactless active removal methods such as Coulomb thrusting [26], laser beam [27], artificial atmosphere [28], and expanding foam [29] have been proposed in the application of space debris mitigation. Coulomb thrusting removal is applicable only when the Debye shielding is weak [30,31]. Laser beam removal can only remove very small debris [32,33].…”