Prospects of production technologies and manufacturing costs of oxide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries

Schnell, Joscha; Tietz, Frank; Singer, Célestine; Höfer, Andreas; Billot, N.; Reinhart, Gunther

doi:10.1039/c8ee02692k

Cited by 107 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Hence, a reduction in scrap during sintering and tempering would enable to install less machinery for slurry mixing, tape casting, sheet cutting, etc. These results impressively show the strong influence of the sintering process on the overall manufacturing cost of oxide‐based SLMBs, as also predicted in a recent top‐down cost estimation …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…To circumvent the critical sintering step, the ADM has been suggested as a promising alternative for oxide‐based SLMBs . The ADM allows to fabricate dense LLZ separator layers without the need for high‐temperature sintering by accelerating the LLZ powder directly onto a substrate (e.g., the cathode composite) using a carrier gas stream (Figure a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While both energy density and specific energy decrease with thinner separator layers, the lower density of LATP (2.9 g cm −3 ) results in a higher specific energy: For instance, by replacing LLZ in the cathode with LATP and decreasing the separator layer thickness from 20 μm to 5 μm, the specific energy could be increased from 314 up to 405 Wh kg −1 (vertical gray bars). Despite the great potential of the ADM, the technology is quite immature and the deposition rate is currently limited to approximately 10 mm 3 min −1 . Hence, assuming a separator sheet area of 127 cm 2 and a separator thickness of 5 μm, the throughput would be limited to 0.157 sheets per minute (cf.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results impressively show the strong influence of the sintering process on the overall manufacturing cost of oxide-based SLMBs, as also predicted in a recent top-down cost estimation. [15] 2.6. The ADM: A Promising Alternative?…”

Section: Sensitivity-inert Gas For Sulfides Versus Sintering For Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A direct comparison with conventional LIBs has turned out to be challenging due to the high uncertainty associated with the material cost for ASSBs, in particular, the lithium metal price and the SE cost . A recent top‐down calculation for oxide‐based ASSB indicated that fabrication cost could become competitive due to numbers of scale . However, important questions on the cost associated with specific production issues, such as the inert gas atmosphere needed for processing of sulfide‐based SEs and the high sintering temperatures (>1000 °C) required for oxide‐based SEs to achieve sufficient ionic conductivity, remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2020

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All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSB) are promising candidates for future energy storage. However, only a little is known about the manufacturing costs for industrial production. Herein, a detailed bottom‐up calculation is performed to estimate the required investment and to facilitate comparison with conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). Results indicate that sulfide‐based ASSBs can indeed be competitive if the material compatibility issues can be solved and production is successfully scaled. In contrast, oxide‐based ASSBs will probably not be able to compete if cost is the decisive factor. A sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the inert gas atmosphere required for sulfide‐based ASSBs contributes little to the overall cell costs, whereas the sintering step for oxide‐based ASSBs is highly critical. The calculation also indicates that in‐house manufacturing of the lithium anode will be cheaper than purchasing the lithium foil externally if the cell producer has sufficient processing know‐how. Finally, the aerosol deposition method is investigated, revealing that a deposition rate far above 1000 mm3 min−1 would be required to make the technology economically feasible in ASSB production. The results of this study will help researchers and industry prioritize development efforts and push the scale‐up of future high‐energy batteries with improved performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitivity-inert Gas For Sulfides Versus Sintering For Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2020

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Sodium Solid‐state Batteries

Quérel¹,

Aguadero²

2022

Sodium‐Ion Batteries

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All‐Solid‐State Battery Fabricated by 3D Aerosol Jet Printing

Lopez-Hallman,

Rodriguez,

Lai

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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All‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) technology has emerged as a promising solution for developing safe and high‐energy‐density power sources. However, the pronounced interfacial charge transfer resistance between the electrode and the solid electrolyte continues to be a central obstacle in contemporary ASSBs. This work demonstrated the first approach to printing all‐solid‐state batteries by employing aerosol jet printing technology. A composite cathode, composed of active materials, binder polymer, and conductive filler, was printed onto the current collector. Subsequently, a solventless superionic conducting solid polymer electrolyte was printed on the cathode to form a seamless interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, resulting in a 3D‐printed all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery. The active material in the cathode (lithium iron phosphate, LFP) achieved a loading of approximately 10 mg/cm2, while the solid polymer electrolyte layer maintained a thickness of a mere 24 microns. Under ambient conditions (30°C), the half‐cell ASSB exhibited a specific capacity of over 130 mAh/g at 0.05 C. Advanced aerosol printed cells with a porous membrane, which allows the batteries to be safely cycled at higher temperature (60°C), exhibited fast charging/discharging rates. These batteries were capable of cycling at a 0.3 C rate, delivering a specific capacity surpassing 160 mAh/g.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Prospects of production technologies and manufacturing costs of oxide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries

Abstract: This manuscript analyzes different scenarios to estimate the manufacturing cost for small-scale and mass production of all-solid-state batteries.

Cited by 107 publications

References 99 publications

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries

Sodium Solid‐state Batteries

All‐Solid‐State Battery Fabricated by 3D Aerosol Jet Printing

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