Prospects of cool thermal storage utilization in Saudi Arabia

Hasnain, S.M.; Alawaji, S.H.; Al-Ibrahim, A.M.; Smiai, M.S.

doi:10.1016/s0196-8904(00)00026-1

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In the absence of detailed, site-specific analysis, some templates for sizing TES systems have been employed, typically using a specified fraction of on-peak demand [13,24,35]. Of course, the appropriate fraction and even the definition of "on-peak" will vary from location to location depending on typical summer load profiles and the structures of electricity tariffs.…”

Section: Der-cam Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal deployment of thermal energy storage under diverse economic and climate conditions

et al. 2014

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Highlights:• We simulated chilled water thermal energy storage (TES) under diverse conditions.• TES systems reduced annual electricity cost by 5% to 15% across four locations.• TES systems also reduced peak electricity demand by 13% to 30% across locations.• Optimally sized TES systems were compared to simple, heuristically sized systems.• Optimization is critical to TES sizing when tariff and load drivers less present. AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of the economic benefit of thermal energy storage (TES) for cooling, across a range of economic and climate conditions. Chilled water TES systems are simulated for a large office building in four distinct locations, Miami in the U.S.; Lisbon, Portugal; Shanghai, China; and Mumbai, India. Optimal system size and operating schedules are determined using the optimization model DER-CAM, such that total cost, including electricity and amortized capital costs are minimized. The economic impacts of each optimized TES system is then compared to systems sized using a simple heuristic method, which bases system size as fraction (50% and 100%) of total on-peak summer cooling loads.Results indicate that TES systems of all sizes can be effective in reducing annual electricity costs (5%-15%) and peak electricity consumption (13%-33%). The investigation also indentifies a number of criteria which drive TES investment, including low capital costs, electricity tariffs with high power demand charges and prolonged cooling seasons. In locations where these drivers clearly exist, the heuristically sized systems capture much of the value of optimally sized systems; between 60% and 100% in terms of net present value. However, in instances where these drivers are less pronounced, the heuristic tends to oversize systems, and optimization becomes crucial to ensure economically beneficial deployment of TES, increasing the net present value of heuristically sized systems by as much as 10 times in some instances.

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Section: Der-cam Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous studies have demonstrated the economic and efficiency benefits of TES deployment, including reducing peak electricity load by up to 23% in an office building in Saudi Arabia [13], shifting 35% of cooling load off-peak at a large office complex in Texas [14], producing annual electricity cost savings of $3.4 per…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal deployment of thermal energy storage under diverse economic and climate conditions

et al. 2014

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“…During the storage process (charging period), the chiller produces cooled water and stores it in the TES tank. Hasnain, et al [4] conducted an analysis of electrical energy savings in office buildings using TES in Saudi Arabia. Their conclusion was that TES can reduce cooling loads by about 30-40% and the electrical load about 10-20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Energy Storage Optimization in Shopping Center Buildings

Biyanto

Alhikami

Nugroho

et al. 2015

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. In this research, cooling system optimization using thermal energy storage (TES) in shopping center buildings was investigated. Cooling systems in commercial buildings account for up to 50% of their total energy consumption. This incurs high electricity costs related to the tariffs determined by the Indonesian government with the price during peak hours up to twice higher than during off-peak hours. Considering the problem, shifting the use of electrical load away from peak hours is desirable. This may be achieved by using a cooling system with TES. In a TES system, a chiller produces cold water to provide the required cooling load and saves it to a storage tank. Heat loss in the storage tank has to be considered because greater heat loss requires additional chiller capacity and investment costs. Optimization of the cooling system was done by minimizing the combination of chiller capacity, cooling load and heat loss using simplex linear programming. The results showed that up to 20% electricity cost savings can be achieved for a standalone shopping center building.

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“…Customers benefit financially by paying lower electrical prices, by increasing HVAC efficiencies [47] and by avoiding the installation of larger chilling units [48,49]. Utilities are the major beneficiaries of infrastructure capital cost savings created by energy storage systems, over the short term because they can increase the reliability of their power grids during the critical 100 min of 'peak' demand [50] and avoid operating costly peak generation systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Henze et al [56] demonstrate that the economics of these systems depend on the price difference between peak and off-peak periods, and on the relative duration of peak periods, regardless of the accounting methods utilized. Hasnain et al [49] found that consumer-side net savings are positive even without considering electricity price savings, if the CTES system is planned such that a smaller chilling unit is required. CTES implementations have been reported to reduce chiller size requirements by 33% [48] to 40% [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%