Prospects of Biochar in Alkaline Soils to Mitigate Climate Change

Rashid, Muhammad Saqib; Hussain, Qaiser; Khan, Khalid Saifullah; Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.; Zhang, Afeng; Akmal, Muhammad; Ijaz, Shahzada Sohail; Aziz, Rukhsanda; Shah, Ghulam Abbas; Mehdi, S. M.; Alvi, Sarosh; Qayyum, Muhammad Farooq

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3_7

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This indicates that biochar elevates soil organic carbon levels, resulting in high carbon to nitrogen ratios, which could promote soil nitrification and enhance nitrogen’s bioavailability. Rashid et al [ 37 ] discovered that biochar can improve soil C reserves, encourage the retention of soil nutrients, and maximize soil fertility, which is in line with our findings. Utilizing biochar increases the effectiveness of utilizing both nutrients and water [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to Biederman and Harpole [ 35 ], the improvements in soil nutrients are associated with increases in the SOC content mediated by biochar application, as well as mineral substances dissolved in soil solutions. Biochar has been reported to increase soil pH and promote the retention of plant-available water because of its high specific surface area and alkalinity [ 36 , 37 ]. We observed significant differences in water concentration, carbon and nitrogen stocks among treatments varying in levels of urea and biochar application ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System

et al. 2023

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Biochar is an important soil amendment that can enhance the biological properties of soil, as well as nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization in N-fertilized crops. However, few studies have characterized the effects of urea and biochar application on soil biochemical traits and its effect on paddy rice. Therefore, a field trial was conducted in the early and late seasons of 2020 in a randomized complete block design with two N levels (135 and 180 kg ha−1) and four levels of biochar (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1). The treatment combinations were as follows: 135 kg N ha−1 + 0 t B ha−1 (T1), 135 kg N ha−1 + 10 t B ha−1 (T2), 135 kg N ha−1 + 20 t B ha−1 (T3), 135 kg N ha−1 + 30 t B ha−1 (T4), 180 kg N ha−1 + 0 t B ha−1 (T5), 180 kg N ha−1 + 10 t B ha−1 (T6), 180 kg N ha−1 + 20 t B ha−1 (T7) and 180 kg N ha−1 + 30 t B ha−1 (T8). The results showed that soil amended with biochar had higher soil pH, soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, and mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3−-N) than soil that had not been amended with biochar. In both seasons, the 20 t ha−1 and 30 t ha−1 biochar treatments had the highest an average concentrations of NO3–-N (10.54 mg kg−1 and 10.25 mg kg−1, respectively). In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average activity of the enzymes urease, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, and chitinase was, respectively, 25.28%, 14.13%, 67.76%, and 22.26% greater; however, the activity of the enzyme catalase was 15.06% lower in both seasons. Application of biochar considerably increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), which was 48% greater on average in biochar-amended soil than in unamended soil. However, there were no significant variations in the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) or nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) across treatments. In comparison to soil that had not been treated with biochar, the average N content was 24.46%, 20.47%, and 19.08% higher in the stem, leaves, and panicles, respectively. In general, adding biochar at a rate of 20 to 30 t ha−1 with low-dose urea (135 kg N ha−1) is a beneficial technique for improving the nutrient balance and biological processes of soil, as well as the N uptake and grain yield of rice plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System

et al. 2023

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“…Biochar can also play a role in mitigating climate change by facilitating long-term sequestration of carbon, and influencing the fluxes of potent greenhouse gases in the soil, such as nitrous oxide and methane; therefore, it contributes to reducing emissions of these potent greenhouse gases [ 145 , 146 ]. Therefore, biochar has become a promising tool for sustainable agriculture, addressing both food security and environmental concerns.…”

Section: Agronomic Practices Phytomicrobiomes and Plant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

Chen

Modi

Picot

2023

Plants

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The phytomicrobiome plays a crucial role in soil and ecosystem health, encompassing both beneficial members providing critical ecosystem goods and services and pathogens threatening food safety and security. The potential benefits of harnessing the power of the phytomicrobiome for plant disease suppression and management are indisputable and of interest in agriculture but also in forestry and landscaping. Indeed, plant diseases can be mitigated by in situ manipulations of resident microorganisms through agronomic practices (such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, organic mulching, etc.) as well as by applying microbial inoculants. However, numerous challenges, such as the lack of standardized methods for microbiome analysis and the difficulty in translating research findings into practical applications are at stake. Moreover, climate change is affecting the distribution, abundance, and virulence of many plant pathogens, while also altering the phytomicrobiome functioning, further compounding disease management strategies. Here, we will first review literature demonstrating how agricultural practices have been found effective in promoting soil health and enhancing disease suppressiveness and mitigation through a shift of the phytomicrobiome. Challenges and barriers to the identification and use of the phytomicrobiome for plant disease management will then be discussed before focusing on the potential impacts of climate change on the phytomicrobiome functioning and disease outcome.

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“…By promoting long-term carbon sequestration and influencing greenhouse gas fluxes in soil, biochar can also help mitigate climate change by lowering greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, biochar is an effective tool for sustainable agriculture that addresses both environmental and food security concerns [71][72][73]. Potato wart disease, a fungus brought on by Synchytrium endobioticum, was shown to be suppressed by the addition of crab shell (23% chitin) to infected soil [75,76].…”

Section: Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Management

Prashanth Kumar A.,

Murali V.

2023

IJECC

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Pests and pathogens significantly reduce crop yields and cost the global economy USD 540 billion annually. The phytomicrobiome is becoming a cornerstone of a comprehensive rethink of agricultural management practices, with microbiome-assisted plant breeding focusing on three principles: minimal soil disturbance, continuous soil cover with crops, cover crops, or a mulch of crop residues, and crop rotation. Plant diseases, phytomicrobiomes, and agricultural practices can all affect plant health. Conservational agricultural practices like minimum tillage and no-tillage have been implemented to reduce anthropogenic activity and preserve microbial diversity. Mulching is a common practice in agriculture to stop moisture loss, maintain soil temperature, control weed growth, and stop soil erosion. Monoculture farming is the practice of cultivating a single crop continuously over several growing seasons on the same field. Intercropping systems encourage the growth of beneficial fungi, such as mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprophytes, decomposers, and bioprotective fungi, and can benefit forest ecosystems by creating disease-suppressive soils. By combining conservation tillage and crop rotation, farmers can reduce disease pressure by disrupting the life cycles of soil-borne pathogens linked to particular crops or genotypes. Composed manure and plant residues can control plant pathogens like Pythium, but the effect is thought to be due to microbial competition or plant host resistance. Green manure can control plant diseases brought on by pathogens in Rhizoctonia, Verticillium, Sclerotinia, Phythophthora, Pythium, Aphanomyces, and Macrophomina, but manure-derived fertilizers may contain antibiotic resistance genes and mobilomes, which could pose risks to both human and animal health. Climate change impacts crop yields by reducing crop physiology and productivity, increasing pathogen diversity, and affecting pathogen genetic traits and speciation. The state of the environment and the availability of suitable hosts significantly impact the ability of these pathogens to survive and spread. However, PGPRs are unpredictable and soil warming can interfere with their effectiveness. Interdisciplinary collaborations between plant biologists, microbiologists, climatologists, and agronomists are required to create effective strategies to reduce the effects of climate change on plant health, crop production, and ecosystem stability.

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Prospects of Biochar in Alkaline Soils to Mitigate Climate Change

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System

Partial Substitution of Urea with Biochar Induced Improvements in Soil Enzymes Activity, Ammonia-Nitrite Oxidizers, and Nitrogen Uptake in the Double-Cropping Rice System

Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

A Review on Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Management

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