Prospects of 2nd generation biodiesel as a sustainable fuel – Part 2: Properties, performance and emission characteristics

Bhuiya, M.M.K.; Rasul, M.G.; Khan, M.M.K.; Ashwath, Nanjappa; Azad, A.K.; Hazrat, M.A.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.086

Cited by 158 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Bio-diesel produced through hydrolysisesterification reactions has attracted great interest [121][122][123]. Liu et al prepared perfect hexagonal sectional ZnO "multi-level tower" (Figure 2) based catalysts to produce bio-diesel [124].…”

Section: Biomass Related Catalytic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis

et al. 2016

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Zinc oxide (ZnO), with the unique chemical and physical properties of high chemical stability, broad radiation absorption range, high electrochemical coupling coefficient, and high photo-stability, is an attractive multifunctional material which has promoted great interest in many fields. What is more, its properties can be tuned by controllable synthesized morphologies. Therefore, after the success of the abundant morphology controllable synthesis, both the morphology-dependent ZnO properties and their related applications have been extensively investigated. This review concentrates on the properties of morphology-dependent ZnO and their applications in catalysis, mainly involved reactions on green energy and environmental issues, such as CO 2 hydrogenation to fuels, methanol steam reforming to generate H 2 , bio-diesel production, pollutant photo-degradation, etc. The impressive catalytic properties of ZnO are associated with morphology tuned specific microstructures, defects or abilities of electron transportation, etc. The main morphology-dependent promotion mechanisms are discussed and summarized.

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Section: Biomass Related Catalytic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis

et al. 2016

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“…Its value must be maintained within a tolerable limit to allow for optimal air to fuel for complete combustion [29]. Higher density biodiesel may have low volatility which may decreases the fuel vaporization during the ignition delay [30], which may affect atomization of fuel spray that has main influence on the mixing of fuel/air in compression ignition engine [31] and causes blockage of injector nozzle which may affect engine operation [32]. From the table 1 above it can be seen that, the density of biodiesel was 0.6g/cm 3 which is within the acceptance values (0.86-0.90) recommended by EN 14214:2003 for a B100 type biodiesel.…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Gingerbread Plum (Parinari macrophylla) Seed Oil Using MgO/Al2O3 Catalyst

Mukhtār¹

2016

AJEP

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Abstract:Increase in environmental pollution due fossil fuel exhaust emissions coupled with petroleum fuel depletion leads to search for the alternative green sources of energy. In views of this, methanolysis of gingerbread plum (Parinari macrophylla) seed oil had been carried out using 5wt.% MgO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst to produce biodiesel and assess its fuel quality as a source of green energy. The results produced a biodiesel with 97% yields, 0.60g/cm 3 density, 0.42% water and sediment content, 0.45mg/KOH acid value, 84.20mg/KOH saponification value, 75mg I 2 /100g Iodine value, 94.24 Cetane index and high heating value of 49MJ/Kg. The GC/MS results indicated the presence of methyl-9-octadecenoate, methyl-12-octadecenoate, methylhexadecanoate esters, octadecanoic and oleic acids. The methyl ester biodiesel produced therefore, promises to be a viable source of green energy for future use.

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“…[11]. In spite of having these positive aspects, biodiesel also has some shortcomings that restrain its commercialization [12,13]. The major drawbacks of biodiesel are that it causes injector coking, carbon deposition, oxidation and corrosion due to the presence of higher unsaturated fatty acids in its structure [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Australian Native First Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel Fuel

2017

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Biodiesels are a renewable energy source, and they have the potential to be used as alternatives to diesel fuel. The aim of this study is to investigate the wear and friction characteristics of Australian native first generation and second generation biodiesels using a four-ball tribo tester. The biodiesel was produced through a two-step transesterification process and characterized according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The tribological experiment was carried out at a constant 1800 rpm and different loads and temperatures. In addition, the surface morphology of the ball was tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The test results indicated that biodiesel fuels have a lower coefficient of frictions (COF) and lower wear scar diameter (WSD) up to 83.50% and 41.28%, respectively, compared to conventional diesel fuel. The worn surface area results showed that biodiesel fuel has a minimum percentage of C and O, except Fe, compared to diesel. In addition, the worn surface area for diesel was found (2.20%-27.92%) to be higher than biodiesel. The findings of this study indicated that both first and second generation biodiesel fuels have better tribological performance than diesel fuel, and between the biodiesel fuels, macadamia biodiesel showed better lubrication performance.

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Prospects of 2nd generation biodiesel as a sustainable fuel – Part 2: Properties, performance and emission characteristics

Cited by 158 publications

References 160 publications

The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis

The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis

Production and Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Gingerbread Plum (<i>Parinari macrophylla</i>) Seed Oil Using MgO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst

Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Australian Native First Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel Fuel

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Prospects of 2nd generation biodiesel as a sustainable fuel – Part 2: Properties, performance and emission characteristics

Cited by 158 publications

References 160 publications

The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis

The Applications of Morphology Controlled ZnO in Catalysis

Production and Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Gingerbread Plum (&lt;i&gt;Parinari macrophylla&lt;/i&gt;) Seed Oil Using MgO/Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Catalyst

Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Australian Native First Generation and Second Generation Biodiesel Fuel

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Production and Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Gingerbread Plum (<i>Parinari macrophylla</i>) Seed Oil Using MgO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst