Prospects for the Use of Hollow Electrodes for Deep Desulfurization of Steel in the Ladle-Furnace Unit

The paper analyzes energy losses in the ladle furnace. In particular, the authors focus on electrical losses, namely total energy losses of the electric arc, conditionally including radiation losses of a part of the arc uncovered by slag. Managing these flows creates conditions for increasing the efficiency of heating. The calculations given in the paper showed that electrical losses decreased, during prolonged heating (about 8-12 minutes) with a sufficient amount of slag. This mode provides a reduction in heat loss by 4-5 %. By selecting options of changes in a sequence of stages and their duration, the proposed mathematical model makes it possible to apply a new technology to process molten steel in the ladle furnace characterized by lower power consumption.

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Application of ionic theory to calculate sulfide capacity of slags

Metelkin

Sheshukov

Savel’ev

et al. 2021

Izv. vysš. učebn. zaved., Čern. metall.

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The article considers the issues of sulfur removal in the ladle-furnace unit. The sulfur distribution coefficient depends on sulfide capacity of the slag, sulfur activity coefficient, oxidizing potential of the medium and equilibrium constant. The sulfide capacity CS of slags is one of the most important characteristics of refining capacity of the slags used in extra-furnace steel processing. One of the factors affecting the sulfide capacity is temperature. The formula was proposed showing the dependence of sulfide capacity on the optical basicity and temperature, in the temperature range of 1650 – 1400 °C and when the optical basicity Λ is not more than 0.75; the error of the presented formula does not exceed 6 %. The formula for calculating the optical basicity is proposed, which takes into account the influence of basic, acidic oxides and amphoteric oxide Al2O3. It is shown that slags, completely consisting of a homogeneous phase, have an increased optical basicity of aluminum oxide. Heterogeneous slags have a reduced optical basicity of Al2O3 in comparison with homogeneous slags. Perhaps, this fact can be explained by the fact that in homogeneous slags there is a deficiency of the basic oxide CaO and in the conditions under consideration Al2O3 compound begins to exhibit more basic properties than acidic ones, thus, in homogeneous slags, the optical basicity of aluminum oxide is increased and approaches optical basicity of CaO oxide. Calculations carried out on the basis of real heats have shown that with an increase in the content of Al2O3 oxide in the slag, its optical basicity decreases. Known value of the optical basicity makes it possible to determine sulfide capacity of the slag, sulfur distribution coefficient between metal and slag, and, accordingly, final sulfur content in the metal. The research results have shown that it is advisable to apply the ionic theory of slags for the sulfide capacity determination.

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Prospects for the Use of Hollow Electrodes for Deep Desulfurization of Steel in the Ladle-Furnace Unit

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Method for estimating the sulfide capacity of slags in ladle furnace unit using the ionic theory

Method for estimating the sulfide capacity of slags in ladle furnace unit using the ionic theory

Mathematical Modelling of the Thermal State of a Ladle During Arc Heating of the Melt

Application of ionic theory to calculate sulfide capacity of slags

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