Prospects for the application of biporous sorbents based on hypercrosslinked styrene polymers for the prevention and treatment of systemic purulent-septic complications

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of two sorbents based on hypercrosslinked styrene polymers (Styrosorb 514 and the magnetic material MMN200 based thereon) to adsorb bacteria and single cell fungi and compare it with the granular activated carbon (GAC) used in the hemoperfusion column Adsorba 300 (Gambro Co., Sweden). The sorbents under investigation based on polystyrene are distinguished by the presence of a large number of open micropores with diameters of 1.5-3 nm and macropores with diameters of up to 100 nm, resulting in a high specific surface area (806 m 2 /g for Styrosorb 514 and 580 m 2 /g for MMN200). The sorbents have been packed into miniature models of columns for perfusion through which suspensions of microorganisms B. subtilis, L. acidophilus, and S. cerevisiae in physiological saline were filtered. Perfusion through the columns depressed the colony formation of B. subtilis and L. acidophilus by 95% and 90% for Styrosorb 514 and 84% and 91% for the carbon, respectively. After perfusion through MMN200, the index of colony formation inhibition for both tested cultures was 21% (B. subtilis) and 25% (L. acidophilus). In addition, the investigated sorbents were found to exert a pronounced influence on S. cer evisiae yeast cells by reducing their amount in the suspension and decreasing the proportion of live cells in the remaining fraction when compared to intact controls (by 82% and 26% for Styrosorb 514, 74% and 27% for carbon, and 76% and 12% for MMN200, respectively). Thus, the results indicate that the biporous sorbents based on hypercrosslinked styrene polymers are distinguished by hemocompatibility and capable of eliminat ing different microorganisms, along with endogenous inflammation mediators and trigger factors provoking the development of organ and multiple organ failure. Therefore, the investigated sorbents can be effectively used for the treatment of patients with bacteriaemia, sepsis, and septic shock of different origins.