Prospects for lithium imaging using annular bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy: A theoretical study

Findlay, Scott; Lugg, Nathan; Shibata, Naoya; Allen, L. J.; Ikuhara, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.03.005

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that based on simulation studies, the ABF STEM detector setting comes out as the optimal annular detector setting to detect light atoms in the proximity of heavier scatterers, as suggested elsewhere. 2,[6][7][8]11,13 We also noticed local optima for the conventional ADF setting when using an accelerating voltage of 300 kV, which are not expected based on contrast comparisons. Also for a lower accelerating voltage of 80 kV, the ABF STEM setting was found to be optimal in order to detect lithium in the LiV 2 O 4 crystal.…”

Section: Fig 2 Pmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…5 As direct imaging of light elements is necessary for the full determination of crystal structures, such as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, this topic has recently become very important and a lot of research has been done in this field in the past few years. Not only the identification of individual lithium atoms [6][7][8][9] but also the direct imaging of other light elements, such as carbon, oxygen or nitrogen, 2,10-12 and even hydrogen 13 has been investigated. In these studies, the experimental settings are often determined in terms of direct visual interpretability using classical performance measures, such as contrast or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimal experimental design for the detection of light atoms from high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images

Gonnissen

Backer

Dekker

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We report an innovative method to explore the optimal experimental settings to detect light atoms from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. Since light elements play a key role in many technologically important materials, such as lithium-battery devices or hydrogen storage applications, much effort has been made to optimize the STEM technique in order to detect light elements. Therefore, classical performance criteria, such as contrast or signal-to-noise ratio, are often discussed hereby aiming at improvements of the direct visual interpretability. However, when images are interpreted quantitatively, one needs an alternative criterion, which we derive based on statistical detection theory. Using realistic simulations of technologically important materials, we demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method and compare the results with existing approaches. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Section: Fig 2 Pmentioning

confidence: 61%

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confidence: 99%

Optimal experimental design for the detection of light atoms from high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images

Gonnissen

Backer

Dekker

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…A high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) detector provides an image exhibiting a contrast that is proportional to the atomic number (~Z 1.7 ) of the atoms, whereas an annular brightfield (ABF) detector provides an image contrast proportional tõ Z −1/3 , which is ideal for imaging light elements such as lithium. 5,6 A STEM BF detector, which collects elastically scattered electrons, provides phase contrast images that are equivalent to standard BF transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. 7 By contrast, low-angle annular dark-field imaging forms images by collecting both elastically and inelastically scattered electrons that contribute to the detected signal, and it allows the mapping of strain fields in materials at an atomic resolution.…”

Section: Recent Advancements In Aem Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced analytical electron microscopy for lithium-ion batteries

Qian

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

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Lithium-ion batteries are a leading candidate for electric vehicle and smart grid applications. However, further optimizations of the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency and cycle life are still needed, and this requires a thorough understanding of the dynamic evolution of each component and their synergistic behaviors during battery operation. With the capability of resolving the structure and chemistry at an atomic resolution, advanced analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) is an ideal technique for this task. The present review paper focuses on recent contributions of this important technique to the fundamental understanding of the electrochemical processes of battery materials. A detailed review of both static (ex situ) and real-time (in situ) studies will be given, and issues that still need to be addressed will be discussed. NPG Asia Materials (2015) 7, e193; doi:10.1038/am.2015.50; published online 26 June 2015 INTRODUCTIONTo implement the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and smart grid systems, further improvements are required, especially with respect to the energy/power density, coulombic efficiency and cycle life. These parameters primarily depend on the diffusion of lithium-metal ions, electron transport, structure and chemical dynamics of the electrode/electrolyte materials, among others. During electrochemical cycling, significant changes in the material structure and elemental distributions occur, including ion relocation, lattice expansion/contraction, phase transition and structure/surface reconstruction. These changes could substantially influence ion and electron transport and affect the performance of the entire battery system. Understanding the structure-property relationships for each component and their synergistic behaviors during electrochemical processes is, therefore, essential for the design of new battery materials and the optimization of existing systems.Although many analysis techniques (for example, X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and so on) have been employed for such studies, most of them can acquire only spatially averaged information. Nevertheless, the structural and chemical evolution of battery materials upon electrochemical cycling can often be linked to specific nanofeatures, such as defects, interfaces and surfaces. As a result, techniques based on analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM) are ideal tools to study these issues. The capability of AEM to precisely probe the structural/chemical evolutions at an ultrahigh spatial resolution frequently provides insight that cannot be obtained directly using macroscopic characterization methods.

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“…New or little-used imaging modes are being explored, such as annular bright-field imaging in the STEM, about which Rose had speculated many years earlier [148], see for example [111,137,[32][33][34]77,78]. The merits of over-correction are considered in [195].…”

Section: Falloutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New development in correction of spherical aberration of electromagnetic round lens. In International Symposium on Electron Microscopy (K. Kuo and J. Yao, Eds), [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]Singapore A.V. .…”

Section: Note On Appendices a And Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correction of electron lens aberrations

Hawkes

2015

Ultramicroscopy

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Prospects for lithium imaging using annular bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy: A theoretical study

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Optimal experimental design for the detection of light atoms from high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images

Optimal experimental design for the detection of light atoms from high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images

Advanced analytical electron microscopy for lithium-ion batteries

The correction of electron lens aberrations

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