Prospects for Economic Integration in Africa

Abstract

Economic integration has been in the forefront of discussion in Africa since the massive movement towards independence in the late 1950's and early 60's. There was immediate recognition that, while independence had been the primary goal, African frontiers were largely an artificial by-product of the colonial scramble 60 to 70 years ago, that many African countries were too small to be economically viable, and that to transform political into economic independence necessarily required concerted action. Further impetus was given to thinking and discussion by the setting up of the Economic Commission for Africa in 1958 and of the Organisation of African Unity in 1963. Concepts, of course, varied, as the pre-history of the O.A.U. shows clearly. The radical Casablanca group stood for an all-African common market, to lead rapidly to an all-African government. The member states of the Union africaine et malgache had much more limited but also more precise objectives: especially continued close co-operation among the francophone countries, and association with the European Common Market, particularly France. There were other ideas and associations, often cutting across these two main groupings. Yet it is perhaps only recently that views are beginning to clarify and that the real difficulties involved are being realised, a condition precedent for progress in practice. Economic integration has to be seen as an ultimate goal, with a number of concrete intermediate steps involving ever-increasing economic cooperation among groups of countries.

Regional integration and development in Africa: Lessons from the east African community

“…The problem is not so much one of removing tariffs but of creating the variety of goods necessary to enable a vigorous commerce to take place. 1 Figures for intra-African trade (on average 10 to 12 per cent of states' total external transactions) attest to the inability of African states to satisfy their neighbours' trading needs. Trade between African states is further hampered by poor communications links (which typically join the interior to the coast rather than connecting adjacent states), language barriers, and problems associated with membership in different currency arrangements.…”