Prospects and recommendations for risk mapping to improve strategies for effective malaria vector control interventions in Latin America

Alimi, Temitope O.; Fuller, Douglas O.; Quiñónes, Martha L.; Xue, Rui‐De; Herrera, Sócrates; Arévalo‐Herrera, Myriam; Ulrich, Jill N.; Qualls, Whitney A.; Beier, John C.

doi:10.1186/s12936-015-1052-1

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Malaria cases have declined considerably in this region in the past two decades, with many of the countries going into pre-elimination phase [63]. However, with 562,000 cases reported during 2015-2016, malaria is still a high burden, especially in countries in the Amazonia region such as Brazil, Colombia, Peru and most recently Venezuela [5], that showed an alarming increase over 76% of the reported cases (from 136,402 to 240,613) between 2015 and 2016, displaying an unprecedented 365% increase in malaria cases between 2000 and 2015 [5].…”

Section: Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vectors: An Update at a Global Scale

Riveron¹,

Tchouakui²,

Mugenzi³

et al. 2018

Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward

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Malaria remains the deadliest vector-borne disease in the world. With nearly half of the world's population at risk, 216 million people suffered from malaria in 2016, with over 400,000 deaths, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Important global efforts have been made to eliminate malaria leading to significant reduction in malaria cases and mortality in Africa by 42% and 66%, respectively. Early diagnosis, improved drug therapies and better health infrastructure are key components, but this extraordinary success is mainly due the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual sprayings (IRS) of insecticide. Unfortunately, the emergence and spread of resistance in mosquito populations against insecticides is jeopardising the effectiveness of the most efficient malaria control interventions. To help establish suitable resistance management strategies, it is vital to better understand the distribution of resistance, its mechanisms and impact on effectiveness of control interventions and malaria transmission. In this chapter, we present the current status of insecticide resistance worldwide in main malaria vectors as well as its impact on malaria transmission, and discuss the molecular mechanisms and future perspectives.

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Section: Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vectors: An Update at a Global Scale

Riveron¹,

Tchouakui²,

Mugenzi³

et al. 2018

Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward

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“…Stefani et al did a systematic review of the literature [14], and proposed a consensual knowledge-based model that qualitatively estimates the level of malaria transmission risk in the Amazon in relation to deforestation patterns. Knowledge-based risk modeling can elaborate the relationship between malaria vectors and environmental variables, explain interactions between environmental changes and vector dynamics, and provide a knowledge base to demonstrate how the environment affects malaria transmission [31]. In addition, knowledge-based risk modeling requires decomposing the malaria risk into independent factors easier to apprehend and quantify.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping a Knowledge-Based Malaria Hazard Index Related to Landscape Using Remote Sensing: Application to the Cross-Border Area between French Guiana and Brazil

Roux

Dessay

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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Malaria remains one of the most common vector-borne diseases in the world and the definition of novel control strategies can benefit from the modeling of transmission processes. However, data-driven models are often difficult to build, as data are very often incomplete, heterogeneous in nature and in quality, and/or biased. In this context, a knowledge-based approach is proposed to build a robust and general landscape-based hazard index for malaria transmission that is tailored to the Amazonian region. A partial knowledge-based model of the risk of malaria transmission in the Amazonian region, based on landscape features and extracted from a systematic literature review, was used. Spatialization of the model was obtained by generating land use and land cover maps of the cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil, followed by computing and combining landscape metrics to build a set of normalized landscape-based hazard indices. An empirical selection of the best index was performed by comparing the indices in terms of adequacy with the knowledge-based model, intelligibility and correlation with P. falciparum incidence rates. The selected index is easy to interpret and successfully represents the current knowledge about the role played by landscape patterns in malaria transmission within the study area. It was significantly associated with P. falciparum incidence rates, using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients (up to 0.79 and 0.75, respectively; p-value < 0.001), and the linear regression coefficient of determination (reaching 0.63; p-values < 0.001). This study establishes a spatial knowledge-driven, landscape-based hazard malaria index using remote sensing that can be easily produced on a regular basis and might be useful for malaria prediction, surveillance, and control.Keywords: remote sensing; land use and land cover; landscape metric; knowledge-based hazard modeling; malaria; cross-border area between French Guiana and Brazil

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“…In both the affected (Manabí) and the control (Guayas and Los Ríos) provinces, the Aedes mosquito is endemic. 13 These 3 provinces are at sea level and, hence, below 2000 meters in elevation and with similar meteorological conditions. Compared with Manabí, Guayas has similar proximity to the coast and Los Ríos has similar population size.…”

Section: Definition Of Control Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the 2016 Ecuador Earthquake on Zika Virus Cases

et al. 2017

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Objectives. To evaluate the impact of the April 2016 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Ecuador on the incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) cases.Methods. We used the national public health surveillance system for reportable transmissible conditions and included suspected and laboratory-confirmed ZIKV cases. We compared the number of cases before and after the earthquake in areas closer to and farther from the epicenter.Results. From January to July 2016, 2234 patients suspected of having ZIKV infection were reported in both affected and control areas. A total of 1110 patients had a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, and 159 were positive for ZIKV. The cumulative incidence of ZIKV in the affected area was 11.1 per 100 000 after the earthquake. The odds ratio of having ZIKV infection in those living in the affected area was 8.0 (95% CI = 4.4, 14.6; P < .01) compared with the control area and adjusted for age, gender, province population, and number of government health care facilities. METHODSWe included all confirmed ZIKV cases in areas affected by the earthquake and in control areas that are similar in elevation, average temperature, proximity to the coast, and population size. We also included suspected ZIKV cases to evaluate the geographic relationship between these cases and those confirmed by laboratory.The epicenter of the 2016 earthquake was 17 miles south-southeast of Muisne, Esmeraldas, in the northeastern part of the country. The Manabí and Esmeraldas provinces had the most earthquake-related damage, with 705 and 420 destroyed buildings, respectively.7 Before the earthquake, Manabí had 199 health centers and 15 hospitals. After the earthquake, 7 hospitals had major damage and were inoperative. 8,9Almost all earthquake-related deaths in Ecuador were reported in Manabí; the earthquake affected larger urban centers in Manabí than in Esmeraldas, Guayas, and Los Ríos. Definitions of EarthquakeAffected AreasWe defined the earthquake-affected area as the province of Manabí, which is 30 miles south of the epicenter. The rationale for using only this province was that the roads to Esmeraldas province and the health care facilities most proximal to the epicenter were completely destroyed, 10,11 preventing the collection of any confirmatory samples, whereas several facilities in nearby Manabí remained partially operational and accessible by car. Manabí has larger urban areas and more health care facilities and transportation infrastructure than Esmeraldas. To better evaluate the relationship between earthquake-related damage and ZIKV incidence, we also collected data at the county Correspondence should be sent to Denisse C. Pareja, MD, MSPH, Department of Veterans Affairs, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, 207G, Miami, FL 33125-1693 (denpareja@gmail.com). Reprints can be ordered at http://www. ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints" link.

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Prospects and recommendations for risk mapping to improve strategies for effective malaria vector control interventions in Latin America

Cited by 27 publications

References 112 publications

Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vectors: An Update at a Global Scale

Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vectors: An Update at a Global Scale

Mapping a Knowledge-Based Malaria Hazard Index Related to Landscape Using Remote Sensing: Application to the Cross-Border Area between French Guiana and Brazil

Impact of the 2016 Ecuador Earthquake on Zika Virus Cases

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