Prospects and Problems of Optical Diffuse Wireless Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Anguita, Davide; Brizzolara, Davide; Parodi, Giancarlo

doi:10.5772/14472

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Let us name these individual system coefficients k sysblue , k sysgreen , and k sysconvgreen , respectively. By using k sys , the ratio of two irradiances (e.g., the attenuation) at two distances r 1 and r 2 can be calculated as [41]…”

Section: Experimental Procedures and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Underwater Communication: The Potential of Using Converted Green LEDs in Coastal Waters

Sticklus

Hoeher

Röttgers

2019

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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Compared to the open ocean where blue lightemitting diodes (LEDs) perform well for data communications, in coastal and harbor environments optical transmission becomes worse and the color of lowest attenuation shifts to green. Another problem concerns the "green-yellow gap" of LEDs, as the quantum efficiency of current commercially available green LEDs is poor. Since energy consumption is an important factor, particularly for battery-powered systems, using blue LEDs is a tradeoff. Recently, phosphor-converted green LEDs, which are pumped by highly efficient blue LEDs, have been introduced to the market, and this type of LED promises better performance. This paper compares the use of blue, green, and converted green LEDs for applications in optical underwater communication systems in coastal waters. Theoretical aspects of the overall LED-water-detector channel are presented. A method for determining individual system coefficients is developed, and the impact on the communication system performance is explained. Practical approaches are introduced, complemented by measurements in the Baltic Sea. Index Terms-Coastal waters, converted light-emitting diode (LED), green-yellow gap, optical underwater (u/w) communication.

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Section: Experimental Procedures and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Underwater Communication: The Potential of Using Converted Green LEDs in Coastal Waters

Sticklus

Hoeher

Röttgers

2019

IEEE J. Oceanic Eng.

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“…The channel also works as half duplex communication which requires long time for communication between senders to receivers usually takes tens milliseconds. The node mobility due to water current is 3-6 kilometers per hour which change the topology of the networks [8], [10]. The main problem is the limited energy.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electromagnetic wave (EM) in radio frequencies and, conventional radio frequency does not work well in underwater due to nature of the medium and can propagate at short distances through conductive sea water only at extra low frequencies (30-300Hz) which required large antenna and high transmission power [8][9]. Optical signals are suitable for surface clean water and short distance (10-100 meters) and high bandwidth (10-150Mps) communication [10]. Moreover, transmission of optical signals requires high precision in pointing the narrow laser beams, which is not very easy due to the mobility of the sensors depends on water current.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nibble-CRC for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Khan

Yun

Park

2012

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) are complex in design due to the characteristics of underwater medium. The underwater communication environment and the medium vary on time, geographical location and depth. Sensor nodes are also born with some limitations such as fixed amount of energy, small size memory and node mobility. Signals travel inside a noisy acoustic channel which required checking errors after receiving. Secure communication is one of the main characteristics of any networks. UWASNs also maintain a security protocols in each layer. Moreover, data link layer performs the main task of error check. To protect unauthorized access to our network and for a common line of defense against the errors, it requires attentions during the protocol design. Depends on the several error detection mechanisms, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) performs better than other mechanisms in respects of the different underwater factors. In this paper, we discuss about the CRC: how it is different from other mechanisms in terms of carrying functions that helps to check double error (running sum) but correct checksum. The trade-offs between error detection system designs (using a nibble size CRC) and underwater communication system designs.

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“…However, their inherent physical properties limit their potential. Thus, to compensate for the very high losses that they suffer from during their propagation in the underwater environment, very high-power sources are required, while the large magnitude of the antennas needed represents another disadvantage [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenge presented in the case of the optical signal lays in the severe variability of the oceanic environment, where the optical beam propagation is affected significantly mainly by absorption and scattering [4,6,[8][9][10][11]. Absorption is an irreversible thermal process in which the energy of the photon is lost because of its interaction with the molecules of water and other particles, while scattering is the change in direction of the propagation of the photon and it is caused by its interaction with other particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Optical Wireless Communications with Chromatic Dispersion and Time Jitter

et al. 2019

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The obsolete communication systems used in the underwater environment necessitates the development and use of modern telecommunications technologies. One such technology is the optical wireless communications, which can provide very high data rates, almost infinite bandwidth and very high transmission speed for real time fast and secure underwater links. However, the composition and the optical density of seawater hinder the communication between transmitter and receiver, while many significant effects strongly mitigate the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems’ performance. In this work, the influences of chromatic dispersion and time jitter are investigated. Chromatic dispersion causes the temporal broadening or narrowing of the pulse, while time jitter complicates the detection process at the receiver. Thus, the broadening of the optical pulse due to chromatic dispersion is studied and the influence of the initial chirp is examined. Moreover, the effect of the time jitter is also taken into consideration and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a mathematical expression for the probability of fade is extracted, taking into account the influence of both of the above-mentioned effects for a UOWC system. Finally, the appropriate numerical results are presented.

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Prospects and Problems of Optical Diffuse Wireless Communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Optical Underwater Communication: The Potential of Using Converted Green LEDs in Coastal Waters

Optical Underwater Communication: The Potential of Using Converted Green LEDs in Coastal Waters

Nibble-CRC for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Underwater Optical Wireless Communications with Chromatic Dispersion and Time Jitter

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