Prospects and Future Directions of Self-Healing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials

Lee, Min Wook

doi:10.3390/polym12020379

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The materials criteria in designing the aircraft structure must have appropriate mechanical properties with suitable damage tolerance under various conditions. Composite material has been introduced to withstand those high-impact conditions owing to their light weight, high mechanical properties, design flexibilities, excellent thermal resistance, and low cost [ 6 , 14 ]. The composite materials have been an increasing interest in the aerospace industry because of their properties, such as higher specific strength, fatigue resistance, better corrosion, and importantly, a great potential in not only applications, but also some engine parts.…”

Section: Self-healing Polymers In Aerospace Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, composite material also endures deterioration due to impact load. The impact damage, which starts at the microscopic level from the formation of microscopic void, then is generated into a deep microcracking and delamination in structure, which reduces the structural integrity and leads to premature failure, as illustrated in Figure 8a-d [6]. In the previous approaches, damage was repaired by using resin patches, injection, and thermal plate methods.…”

Section: Self-healing Polymers In Aerospace Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This innovation is called the HELIOS (which stands for healable, low-field illuminating optoelectronic stretchable) device [ 5 ]. Another innovation developed at the University of Technology in the Netherlands is the self-healing “bio” concrete that uses nutrients (peptone and yeast extract) and Bacillus Subtilis without urea as a microbial adjuvant, and this could also be an effective way to promote microbial CaCO 3 precipitation in sufficient quantities to enhance sustainability and to promote self-healing of concrete [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Versatility of Polymeric Materials as Self-Healing Agents for Various Types of Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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The versatility of polymeric materials as healing agents to prevent any structure failure and their ability to restore their initial mechanical properties has attracted interest from many researchers. Various applications of the self-healing polymeric materials are explored in this paper. The mechanism of self-healing, which includes the extrinsic and intrinsic approaches for each of the applications, is examined. The extrinsic mechanism involves the introduction of external healing agents such as microcapsules and vascular networks into the system. Meanwhile, the intrinsic mechanism refers to the inherent reversibility of the molecular interaction of the polymer matrix, which is triggered by the external stimuli. Both self-healing mechanisms have shown a significant impact on the cracked properties of the damaged sites. This paper also presents the different types of self-healing polymeric materials applied in various applications, which include electronics, coating, aerospace, medicals, and construction fields. It is expected that this review gives a significantly broader idea of self-healing polymeric materials and their healing mechanisms in various types of applications.

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Section: Self-healing Polymers In Aerospace Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self-healing Polymers In Aerospace Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Versatility of Polymeric Materials as Self-Healing Agents for Various Types of Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Nanofibers that contain a healing agent can be embedded into the epoxy matrix to provide it with a good self-healing ability. These nanofibers can also act as the reinforcing elements to improve the matrix materials’ mechanical performances such as tensile strength and high modulus [ 21 , 22 ]. When cracks occur, a healing agent and a curing agent from the broken fibers will be released simultaneously to contact with each other and react to cure the crack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Multiple-Chamber Nanostructure and Its Potential Self-Healing Applications

Liu

et al. 2020

Polymers

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To address the life span of materials in the process of daily use, new types of structural nanofibers, fabricated by multifluid electrospinning to encapsulate both epoxy resin and amine curing agent, were embedded into an epoxy matrix to provide it with self-healing ability. The nanofibers, which have a polyacrylonitrile sheath holding two separate cores, had an average diameter of 300 ± 140 nm with a uniform size distribution. The prepared fibers had a linear morphology with a clear three-chamber inner structure, as verified by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images. The two core sections were composed of epoxy and amine curing agents, respectively, as demonstrated under the synergistic characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry. The TGA results disclosed that the core-shell nanofibers contained 9.06% triethylenetetramine and 20.71% cured epoxy. In the electrochemical corrosion experiment, self-healing coatings exhibited an effective anti-corrosion effect, unlike the composite without nanofibers. This complex nanostructure was proven to be an effective nanoreactor, which is useful to encapsulate reactive fluids. This engineering process by multiple-fluid electrospinning is the first time to prove that this special multiple-chamber structure has great potential in the field of self-healing.

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“…The restless search for durability and resilience of concrete structures has led some researchers to focus on self-healing concrete composites with the built-in ability of repairing narrow cracks without human or external intervention [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Two major types of self-healing concretes have emerged: the autogenous type [ 4 ], which is achieved by autogenous healing materials such as mineral admixtures like ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), silica fume or fly ash, fibers and nanofillers [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]; and, the autonomous type [ 3 ], which is realized by unconventional engineered additions such as shape memory alloys, capsules, polymers or bacteria to seal the cracks [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Autogenous healing is an old and well-known phenomenon that originates naturally from the cementitious material like the hydration of clinker minerals or the carbonation of calcium hydroxide while autonomous healing requires a trigger to activate the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clinker Binder and Aggregates on Autogenous Healing in Post-Crack Flexural Behavior of Concrete Members

et al. 2020

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Crack healing has been studied extensively to protect reinforced concrete structures from the ingress of harmful ions. Research examining the regain in the mechanical properties of self-healing composites has focused mostly on the computation of the healing ratio based on the measurement of the tensile and compressive strengths but with poor regard for the flexural performance. However, the regain in the flexural performance should also be investigated for design purposes. The present study performs flexural testing on reinforced concrete members using crushed clinker binder and aggregates as well as crystalline admixtures as healing agents. Healing ratios of 100% for crack widths smaller than 200 μm and 85% to 90% for crack widths of 250 μm were observed according to the admixing of clinker binder and aggregates. Water flow test showed that the members replacing binder by 100% of clinker achieved the best crack healing performance. The crack healing property of concrete improved to some extent the rebar yield load, the members’ ultimate load and energy absorption capacity and ductility index. The crack distribution density from the observed crack patterns confirmed the crack healing effect provided by clinker powder. The fine grain size of clinker made it possible to replace fine aggregates and longer healing time increased the crack healing effect.

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Prospects and Future Directions of Self-Healing Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

The Versatility of Polymeric Materials as Self-Healing Agents for Various Types of Applications: A Review

The Versatility of Polymeric Materials as Self-Healing Agents for Various Types of Applications: A Review

Electrospun Multiple-Chamber Nanostructure and Its Potential Self-Healing Applications

Effect of Clinker Binder and Aggregates on Autogenous Healing in Post-Crack Flexural Behavior of Concrete Members

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