Prospects and Challenges of Graphene in Biomedical Applications

Bitounis, Dimitrios; Ali‐Boucetta, Hanene; Hong, Byung Hee; Min, Dal Hee; Kostarelos, Kostas

doi:10.1002/adma.201203700

Cited by 616 publications

(403 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Its unique physical, thermal and electrical abilities have generated great interest in several research areas such as physics and electronics since its discovery in 2004 6 . Its oxidized form, graphene oxide (GO) retains these remarkable properties, as well as offer facile aqueous dispersibility and biocompatibility that make it a better candidate for biomedical applications 9 . Altogether GBMs possess many properties that fit the numerous requirements to the design of non-viral vectors for gene delivery, which will be analyzed here, and summarized in Figure 1.…”

Section: What Can Gbms Offer As Gene Delivery Platforms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene materials as 2D non-viral gene transfer vector platforms

2016

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Advances in genomics and gene therapy could offer solutions to many diseases that remain incurable today, however one of the critical reasons halting clinical progress is due to the difficulty in designing efficient and safe delivery vectors for the appropriate genetic cargo. Safety and largescale production concerns counter-balance the high gene transfer efficiency achieved with viral vectors, while non-viral strategies have yet to become sufficiently efficient. The extraordinary physicochemical, optical and photothermal properties of graphene-based materials (GBMs) could offer two-dimensional (2D) components for the design of nucleic acid carrier systems. We discuss here such properties and their implications for the optimization of gene delivery. While the design of such vectors is still in its infancy, we provide here an exhaustive and up-to-date analysis of the studies that have explored GBMs as gene transfer vectors, focusing on the functionalization strategies followed to improve vector performance and on the biological effects attained.

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Section: What Can Gbms Offer As Gene Delivery Platforms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene materials as 2D non-viral gene transfer vector platforms

2016

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“…[11] The effect of simvastatin on hematotoxicity induced by GO/ AgNPs is a crucial indicator to evaluate therapy. [41,42] Herein, the effect of simvastatin to RBCs induced by GO/AgNPs was evaluated by the observation of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Figure 3). As compared with the normal RBCs, the images of microscopy and SEM show the existence of damaged RBC after exposure to 1 mg per kg bw of GO/AgNPs.…”

Section: Effect Of Simvastatin On In Vivo Toxicity Induced By Go/agnpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide/Ag Nanoparticles Cooperated with Simvastatin as a High Sensitive X‐Ray Computed Tomography Imaging Agent for Diagnosis of Renal Dysfunctions

Zhan

Tian

Liu

et al. 2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Graphene oxides (GO) are attracting much attention in the diagnosis and therapy of the subcutaneous tumor as a novel biomaterial, but its diagnosis to tissue dysfunction is yet to be found. Here, a novel application of GO for diagnosis of renal dysfunction via contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) is proposed. In order to serve as contrast‐enhanced agent, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) are composited on the surface of GO to promote its X‐ray absorption, and then simvastatin is coinjected for eliminating in vivo toxicity induced by AgNPs. It is found that GO/AgNPs can enhance the imaging of CT into the lung, liver, and kidney of mice for a long circulation time (≈24 h) and a safety profile in vivo in the presence of simvastatin. Interestingly, the lower dose of GO/AgNPs (≈0.5 mg per kg bw) shows an excellent performance for CT imaging of renal perfusion, and visually exhibits the right renal dysfunction in model mice. Hence, this work suggests that graphene nanoparticles will play a vital role for the future medical translational development including drug carrier, biosensing, and disease therapy.

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“…In contrast to MR imaging which has low sensitivity, high sensitive radionuclide imaging modality seems to have lower toxicity due to the low dose and low amount of nanoparticle utilized [36]. Furthermore, graphene oxide has the tendency to reside and possibly induce inflammation, oedema, and granuloma formation in the lung tissue [37]. The poor clearance of graphene oxide in kidneys is another limitation for its use [34,38].…”

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confidence: 99%

Radio-graphene in Theranostic Perspectives

Hwang

2016

Nucl Med Mol Imaging

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Owing to its unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, notable biocompatibility, robust mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and ease of functionalization, 2D-layered graphene has received tremendous attention as a futuristic nanomaterial and its-associated research has been rapidly evolving in a variety of fields. With the remarkable advances of graphene especially in the biomedical realm, in vivo evaluation techniques to examine in vivo behavior of graphene are largely demanded under the hope of clinical translation. Many different types of drugs such as the antisense oligomer and chemotherapeutics require optimal delivery conveyor and graphene is now recognized as a suitable candidate due to its simple and high drug loading property. Termed as 'radio-graphene', radioisotope-labeled graphene approach was recently harnessed in the realm of biomedicine including cancer diagnosis and therapy, contributing to the acquisition of in vivo information for targeted drug delivery. In this review, we highlight current examples for bioapplication of radiolabeled graphene with brief perspectives on future strategies in its extensive bio-or clinical applications.

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Prospects and Challenges of Graphene in Biomedical Applications

Cited by 616 publications

References 88 publications

Graphene materials as 2D non-viral gene transfer vector platforms

Graphene materials as 2D non-viral gene transfer vector platforms

Graphene Oxide/Ag Nanoparticles Cooperated with Simvastatin as a High Sensitive X‐Ray Computed Tomography Imaging Agent for Diagnosis of Renal Dysfunctions

Radio-graphene in Theranostic Perspectives

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