Prospects and challenges of concentrated solar photovoltaics and enhanced geothermal energy technologies

Wilberforce, Tabbi; Baroutaji, Ahmad; Hassan, Zaki El; Thompson, J. F.; Soudan, Bassel; Olabi, Abdul Ghani

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.257

Cited by 118 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…All the achievements recorded so far in the fuel cell technology has been due to continued research on PEM fuel cell and renewable energy in general [149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160]. Discussions in this work showed that a comprehensive knowledge of materials and properties is necessary toward choosing the correct preparation method.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fuel cell membranes – Pros and cons

Ogungbemi

Ijaodola

Khatib

et al. 2019

Energy

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186

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This investigation provides a critical analysis of the development of PEM fuel cells and related research with specific focus on the membrane material. The catalytic membrane is the most important component of the PEMFC giving rise to the need for the use of efficient, durable and cheap material to reduce the overall cost of the fuel cell. In this work, the need for materials other than Nafion to be used as PEM membranes is established and a case for the use of composite membranes material in fuel cells is made. Composite membranes increase the cell voltage by up to 11% even at high cell operating temperature of 95°C. They also increase the overall performance of the cell by up to 17% when dry hydrogen is utilised.Non-fluorinated membranes are also suitable for use in fuel cells for portable applications but they are very expensive and less conductive. Partially fluorinated membranes have good mechanical stability but expensive. The fluorinated membrane has high stability under oxidation and reduction conditions. Unfortunately, they only reach their optimum performance at ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 temperatures below 100°C which makes them of limited use in PEM fuel cells application at higher temperatures.

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Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fuel cell membranes – Pros and cons

Ogungbemi

Ijaodola

Khatib

et al. 2019

Energy

Self Cite

186

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show abstract

“…40,41 Based on the statistics, 82 countries benefit from direct use of geothermal energy, and 26 countries use this energy for power production (ie, 0.3% of the total world electricity was produced from geothermal energy in 2012). 40,41 Based on the statistics, 82 countries benefit from direct use of geothermal energy, and 26 countries use this energy for power production (ie, 0.3% of the total world electricity was produced from geothermal energy in 2012).…”

Section: Geothermal Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geothermal energy utilization can be considered as a zero-CO 2 energy source and in comparison to wind and solar has this potential to supply an approximately constant and stable load during the day. 40,41 Based on the statistics, 82 countries benefit from direct use of geothermal energy, and 26 countries use this energy for power production (ie, 0.3% of the total world electricity was produced from geothermal energy in 2012). 42,43 The leader countries of geothermal power production in the world are stated in Figure 2.…”

Section: Geothermal Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal energy use in hydrogen production: A review

et al. 2019

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Summary The major logics resulting in hydrogen production can be mentioned as fossil fuel depletion and climate change. In this way, hydrogen is produced with the help of numerous processes based on traditional and alternative energy resources like coal, natural gas, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. Over the past decade, the attention of research institutions and industry has been drawn to hydrogen, inspired by developments in renewable energies. Hydrogen production can be considered as an exceptional choice to make complete utilization of the renewable energy. Among diverse technologies, hydrogen production based on geothermal energy offers great promise. In this paper, initially a concise summary of present and advancing hydrogen production technologies is presented, and secondarily a comprehensive review of research associated with hydrogen production based on geothermal energy is provided. Thirdly, the process descriptions of geothermal‐assisted hydrogen production coupled with its technical, economic, and environmental aspects are addressed. Finally, comparative assessments of costs and environmental aspects related to hydrogen production based on different energy sources have been performed. In accordance with the results, the geothermal‐assisted hydrogen production cost based on electrolysis is competitively lower than other sources like wind, solar thermal coupled with natural gas, solar PV, and grid. Also, the same behavior can be seen for geothermal‐assisted hydrogen production cost based on thermochemical process.

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“…Finally, traditional fossil fuel energy systems are still more efficient and flexible in generating power than available solar systems. Over the past few years, the chart has been rising to encourage many governments to use green renewable energy sources because they feel the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and ensure their economic security …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical and neural network models for predicting the electrical performance of a PV/T system

et al. 2019

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Summary There are many photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems' designs that are used mainly to reduce the temperature of the PV cell by using a thermal medium to cool the photovoltaic module. In this study, a PV/T system uses nano‐phase change material (PCM) and nanofluid cooling system was adopted. Three cooling models were compared using nanofluid (SiC‐water) and nano‐PCM to improve the performance and productivity of the PV/T system. Three mathematical models were developed for linear prediction, and their results were compared with the predicted artificial neural network results, results were verified, and experimental results were appropriate. Three common evaluation criteria were adopted to compare that the results of proposed forecasting models with other models developed in many research studies are done, including the R2, mean square error (MSE), and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). Besides, different experiments were implemented using varying number of hidden layers to ensure that the proposed neural network models achieved the best results. The best neural prediction models deployed in this study resulted in good R2 score of 0.81 and MSE of 0.0361 and RMSE and RMSE rate is 0.371. Mathematical models have proven their high potential to easily determine the future outcomes with the preferable circumstances for any PV/T system in a precise way to reduce the error rate to the lowest level.

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Prospects and challenges of concentrated solar photovoltaics and enhanced geothermal energy technologies

Abstract: Prospects and challenges of concentrated solar photovoltaics and enhanced geothermal energy technologies. Stoten (2018),

Cited by 118 publications

References 62 publications

Fuel cell membranes – Pros and cons

Fuel cell membranes – Pros and cons

Geothermal energy use in hydrogen production: A review

Mathematical and neural network models for predicting the electrical performance of a PV/T system

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