Prospective study with specific Re-Assessment time points to determine time to recovery following a Sports-Related Concussion in university-aged student-athletes

Glendon, Kerry; Blenkinsop, Glen M.; Belli, Antonio; Pain, Matthew T.G.

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.10.008

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, significant improvements in perceived academic ability beyond baseline scores were found (Glendon et al, 2021a), which may have been due to participants rating themselves on a numbered scale and exaggerating their recovery. Therefore, the original PAIT by Glendon et al (2021aGlendon et al ( , 2021b was modified to enhance the reliability of the tool.…”

Section: Impaired Neurotransmission Results In Failures Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The PAIT2 is a questionnaire that asks participants to rate their perceived ability on 23 different academic tasks (Appendix A). The PAIT2 was developed from previous work by Glendon et al (2021aGlendon et al ( , 2021b, and a full description of this is provided in the Supporting Information S1. To prevent central tendency bias, a 7-point scale was used and participants rated themselves according to a statement rather than a value (Jeb et al, 2021).…”

Section: Participants and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies investigating the acute effects of Sport‐Related Concussion (SRC) on academic ability have reported concussion‐related symptoms are associated with increased academic impairment (Baker et al., 2020; Ransom et al., 2015; Wasserman et al., 2016), academic time loss (Babcock et al., 2013; Glendon et al., 2021a) and a reduction in quality of life (Novak et al., 2016; Veliz et al., 2017). SRC causes neuronal stretching and metabolic changes resulting in an energy crisis and disruption in neurotransmission (Giza et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The revised perceived academic impact tool (PAIT2): A tool to assess academic dysfunction in university‐aged student‐athletes with sports‐related concussion

Glendon,

Pain,

Belli

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Research acknowledges Sports‐Related Concussion (SRC) is acutely deleterious to academic ability, but no tool has been validated to measure the effect of SRC on academic ability. The sutdy aimed to establish if the Revised Perceived Academic Impact Tool (PAIT2) is reliable and valid for assessing academic impairment following an SRC. Non‐concussed, healthy student‐athletes in higher education were recruited to the control group and completed the PAIT2 at day 0, 2, 4, 8, 14 and 19. The concussed group consisted of higher education student‐athletes participating in rugby union. The concussed group completed the PAIT2 at baseline screening during pre‐season, day 2, 4, 8 and 14 following an SRC and at return‐to‐play. The PAIT2 asks participants to rate their perceived ability on 23 academic tasks on a statement scored on a 0–6 Likert scale. Repeated measurements from the healthy group (n = 25) demonstrated PAIT2 has good internal validity (χ2(25) = 2.128 and p = 0.712) and reliability (0.880 [95% CI: 0.785–0.941]). A change of 4.631 (80% CI) can be used to indicate if academic impairment is present following an SRC. PAIT2 identified 96% of concussed student‐athletes with academic impairment at day 2, 92% at day 4, 85.71% at day 8 and 92% at day 14 and 19. PAIT2 has good reliability and internal validity for detecting those with academic impairment following SRC. The use of this tool may be of assistance to clinicians when managing student‐athletes return to learn.

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Section: Impaired Neurotransmission Results In Failures Of Communicationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Participants and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The revised perceived academic impact tool (PAIT2): A tool to assess academic dysfunction in university‐aged student‐athletes with sports‐related concussion

Glendon,

Pain,

Belli

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…The VOMS was evaluated in 22 studies, including four high quality studies. The VOMS was usually administered as per Mucha et al ,140 and was found to (1) discriminate concussion from no concussion with high levels of sensitivity, particularly in the acute phase of injury (ie, <24 hours), and (2) identified increased total VOMS symptom scores and/or greater proportion of the sample with scores above the cut-point post concussion52 141–143 even in the absence of baseline testing 52. Seven studies evaluated the function of the VOR with variable results and used several different outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review

Echemendia,

Burma,

Bruce

et al. 2023

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectivesTo systematically review the scientific literature regarding the acute assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) and provide recommendations for improving the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6).Data sourcesSystematic searches of seven databases from 2001 to 2022 using key words and controlled vocabulary relevant to concussion, sports, SCAT, and acute evaluation.Eligibility criteria(1) Original research articles, cohort studies, case–control studies, and case series with a sample of >10; (2) ≥80% SRC; and (3) studies using a screening tool/technology to assess SRC acutely (<7 days), and/or studies containing psychometric/normative data for common tools used to assess SRC.Data extractionSeparate reviews were conducted involving six subdomains: Cognition, Balance/Postural Stability, Oculomotor/Cervical/Vestibular, Emerging Technologies, and Neurological Examination/Autonomic Dysfunction. Paediatric/Child studies were included in each subdomain. Risk of Bias and study quality were rated by coauthors using a modified SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) tool.ResultsOut of 12 192 articles screened, 612 were included (189 normative data and 423 SRC assessment studies). Of these, 183 focused on cognition, 126 balance/postural stability, 76 oculomotor/cervical/vestibular, 142 emerging technologies, 13 neurological examination/autonomic dysfunction, and 23 paediatric/child SCAT. The SCAT discriminates between concussed and non-concussed athletes within 72 hours of injury with diminishing utility up to 7 days post injury. Ceiling effects were apparent on the 5-word list learning and concentration subtests. More challenging tests, including the 10-word list, were recommended. Test–retest data revealed limitations in temporal stability. Studies primarily originated in North America with scant data on children.ConclusionSupport exists for using the SCAT within the acute phase of injury. Maximal utility occurs within the first 72 hours and then diminishes up to 7 days after injury. The SCAT has limited utility as a return to play tool beyond 7 days. Empirical data are limited in pre-adolescents, women, sport type, geographical and culturally diverse populations and para athletes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020154787.

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“…Even if the history of concussion group has a significant total change score difference, the athlete in the history of concussion group with the most total change score had a TCS value of 5 on 8 tests, which is negligeable. Recovery of symptom provocation on VOMS have been demonstrated to take 8 days (Glendon et al, 2021) and the total change score to be a better indicator that the total score (Tomczyk et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Spine and CranioVertebral region function in Elite Short Track Speed Skating Athletes

Bernier

Leclerc²,

Schneider³

et al. 2021

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Prospective study with specific Re-Assessment time points to determine time to recovery following a Sports-Related Concussion in university-aged student-athletes

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

The revised perceived academic impact tool (PAIT2): A tool to assess academic dysfunction in university‐aged student‐athletes with sports‐related concussion

The revised perceived academic impact tool (PAIT2): A tool to assess academic dysfunction in university‐aged student‐athletes with sports‐related concussion

Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review

Cervical Spine and CranioVertebral region function in Elite Short Track Speed Skating Athletes

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