Prospective Study on Waist Circumference and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality

Abstract

Circulation Journal Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society http://www. j-circ.or.jp ecently, a prospective study in more than 1 million Asian subjects has confirmed that there is a U-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of death from cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other causes. 1 But previous epidemiological studies in Japan suggested that increased BMI was unlikely to influence mortality risk, 2,3 whereas a lower BMI or weight loss markedly raised this risk. 4 In contrast, it has been reported that Japanese overweight or obese subjects have an increased risk for incident coronary heart disease or ischemic stroke. 5, 6 The Hisayama study in Japan documented that increased BMI was associated with an increased risk of stroke in women, but not in men. 7 An enhanced risk for incident CVD and stroke associated with increased waist circumference was also found only in women in the Suita study. 8 Taken together, these findings indicate that overweight or obesity has an impact on incident CVD in Japanese men and women, except for stroke in men.A large European prospective study documented that abdominal obesity, as indexed by waist circumference, had a Jshaped association with mortality risk. 9 That study showed that overweight or obesity, assessed by BMI or waist circumference, was associated closely with increased risk of CVD mortality in Caucasian subjects. Compared with indices of adiposity, a waist circumference signifying central obesity was a stronger marker for predicting CVD mortality than BMI. 10 A recent meta-analysis in Caucasian subjects found increased all-cause and CVD mortality risks for elderly people (65-74 years old) with an increased waist circumference across BMI categories and for underweight elderly people. 11 The association of waist circumference levels with CVD mortality risk, however, remains to be determined in Japanese adults. Therefore, to better Background: The aim of the present study was to clarify the association between waist circumference and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in relatively lean Japanese subjects.

Global Trend in Overweight and Obesity and Its Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence

“…Studies using other obesity measures may have yielded different results. 54 Also, this was not a systematic review. Information provided here may not be thorough.…”

Predicting Coronary Heart Disease Using Risk Factor Categories for a Japanese Urban Population, and Comparison with the Framingham Risk Score: The Suita Study

“…Third, besides CKD, new biomarkers that can predict the CHD risk are emerging [55][56][57] . However, our study could not access their importance as have other existing prediction tools for Japanese subjects.…”

Is Gender a Factor in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Risks With Exercise Training?

“…9, 10 It is well-recognized that gender differences exist in the prevalence and levels of these CV diseases and risk factors. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Despite accumulating data, there is still no evidence on how gender influences the effects of exercise training with body weight (BW) loss on hsCRP levels. A meta-analysis study demonstrated the effects of aerobic exercise on CRP, 23 but did not present separate data for exercise-derived CRP lowering in each gender.…”