Prospective study on the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults in Spain

Ausina, V.; Coll, Pere; Sambeat, María A.; Puig, Ignasi; Condom, M J; Luquin, Marina; Ballester, Frédéric; Prats, Guillem

doi:10.1007/bf01962334

Cited by 79 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The authors of that study described how four patients with positive blood cultures for S. pneumoniae had negative ICT results from nonconcentrated urine samples and positive ICT results were found for two of the patients in concentrated urine samples (no data regarding urine concentration were given for the remaining two patients). AUSINA et al [27] found the concentration of urine extremely useful to obtain optimal results on detecting capsular pneumococcal antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. DOMINGUEZ et al [23] also concluded that the concentration of urine improves the diagnosis of pneumococcal aetiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid urinary antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Marcos

Anta²,

Bellacasa³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

164

127

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is suspected to cause an important proportion of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) whose aetiology cannot be detected with conventional tests.In this study, the authors evaluated the diagnostic yield of a new immunochromatographic membrane test (ICT) for the detection of the S. pneumoniae antigen in the urine of patients admitted with diagnosed CAP. ICT was performed in unconcentrated and concentrated urine from all the patients. ICT was repeated 1 month after discharge in a group initially testing positive. The authors also studied the ICT in clinically stable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1)-infected patients.S. pneumoniae antigen was detected in all of the 68 (100%) patients tested with definitive pneumococcal pneumonia. In five of these cases ICT was only positive when it had been performed on the patients. The S. pneumoniae antigen was also detected in 36 (69.2%) of 52 patients with probable pneumococcal pneumonia and in 50 of 277 (18%) patients without pneumococcal pneumonia. ICT remained positive in 16 (69.5%) of 23 patients, 1 month after hospital discharge. Nasopharyngeal colonisation with S. pneumoniae was detected in 8 (12%) of 68 clinically stable HIV1 infected patients, but none tested ICT positive.The Binax NOW1 immunochromatographic membrane test is a rapid, sensitive and specific test for detecting pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults. The test may remain positive for several weeks after pneumococcal pneumonia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid urinary antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Marcos

Anta²,

Bellacasa³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

164

127

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is presumed to be the main bacterial cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infections among children (2,9,12). The severity of pneumococcal diseases heightens the importance of the identification of children with pneumococcal infections (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Usefulness of Urinary Antigen Detection by an Immunochromatographic Test for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Children

Domínguez¹,

Blanco²,

Corrêa-Oliveira

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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We evaluated an immunochromatographic assay detecting pneumococcal antigen in urine samples from children diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunochromatographic test with nonconcentrated urine (NCU) were 86.7 and 62.9%, respectively; with concentrated urine (CU), they were 100 and 11.7%, respectively. Pneumococcal antigen was also detected in 42.5% of NCU and 87.1% of CU samples from nasopharyngeal carriers. This is a nonspecific test for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children, particularly the very young.Streptococcus pneumoniae is presumed to be the main bacterial cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infections among children (2, 9, 12). The severity of pneumococcal diseases heightens the importance of the identification of children with pneumococcal infections (10). Detection of S. pneumoniae antigen in urine samples is an alternative for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. We assessed the utility of a rapid immunochromatographic membrane test (ICT) (Binax Now S. pneumoniae urinary antigen test; Binax, Portland, Maine) for detecting C-polysaccharide (PnC) S. pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from children diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. We also studied whether the status of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage could interfere with the performance of the ICT.(Part of this study was presented at the 12th European

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“…In the general adult population, the annual incidence of CAP ranges between 1.6 and 13.4 cases per 1,000 inhabitants [1,2], 22-51% of whom require inpatient care, with a lethality of 3-24% [3,4]. The mortality rate varies between 0.1 and 0.7 per 1,000 persons each year [1,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhaled drugs as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia

Almirall

Bolíbar²,

Serra‐Prat³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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The effect of inhaled drugs in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is unclear. This case-control study was designed to determine whether inhaled drugs were risk factors for CAP.All incident cases of confirmed CAP that occurred over 1 yr in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma were included, as well as CB, COPD and asthma controls. Risk factors for CAP and inhaled treatment were recorded during a personal interview.An effect of inhaled drugs on the risk of CAP was observed in COPD and asthma patients after adjusting for the effect of other respiratory diseases and their concomitant treatments. In COPD patients, inhaled steroids had a risk OR of 3.26 (95% CI 1.07-9.98) and in asthma patients inhaled anticholinergics had a risk OR of 8.80 (95% CI 1.02-75.7). In CB patients, no association with CAP was observed for any inhaler. These effects were independent of adjusting variables related to severity and other respiratory and non-respiratory risk factors for CAP, including vaccines. Inhaled b 2 -adrenergic agonists did not show a significant effect on the risk of CAP in any of the respiratory diseases.Inhaled steroids may favour CAP in COPD patients, whereas anticholinergics may favour CAP in asthma patients. It is difficult to differentiate the effect of inhaled therapy from the effect of COPD or asthma severity on the risk of CAP, and these relationships may not be causal, but could call attention to inhaled therapy in COPD and asthma patients.

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Prospective study on the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults in Spain

Cited by 79 publications

References 30 publications

Rapid urinary antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Rapid urinary antigen test for diagnosis of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Usefulness of Urinary Antigen Detection by an Immunochromatographic Test for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Children

Inhaled drugs as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia

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