Prospective study of mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: a 10‐year survey (1990–2000)

Ferrero, Simone; Lungaro, Pietro; Bruzzone, Bianca; Gotta, Cristina; Bentivoglio, G; Ragni, Nicola

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00107.x

Cited by 91 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our finding that 15 (6.5%) of children born of mothers who were HCV-RNA positive were infected at 1 or 2 years of age is compatible with the usual reported perinatal infection rate of between 4% and 8% [Zanetti et al, 1995; Resti et al, 1998; Zanetti et al, 1998; Gibb et al, 2000; Ceci et al, 2001; Tajiri et al, 2001; Ferrero et al, 2003; Mast et al, 2005; NEPHCV, 2005a]. In the 329 infants born to anti-HCV- and/or HCV-RNA-positive mothers without known HIV or other factors that increase perinatal transmission, 10% (including four infants with transient infections whose mothers had HCV antibodies without detectable RNA) were positive for both anti-HCV and HCV-RNA 2–4 months following birth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although most studies have only reported transmission of HCV to infants from mothers who have detectable HCV-RNA[Resti et al, 1998; Ceci et al, 2001; Tajiri et al, 2001; Ferrero et al, 2003; Mast et al, 2005], a large multicenter study reported five infections in infants born of mothers who only had HCV antibodies [Resti et al, 2002]. This could be due to a fluctuating viremia that at the time of testing was below the level of detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gibb et al [2000] reported that among infants born of 441 HCV-infected mothers, half of uninfected infants cleared their anti-HCV by 8 months and 95% were anti-HCV negative at 13 months. Others reported that anti-HCV transmitted passively disappears in infants by 6 or 8 months [Ni et al, 1994; Ketzinel-Gilad et al, 2000; Ferrero et al, 2003], and three of our- and four of Mast’s-cases who were infected perinatally lost anti-HCV transferred passively from their mothers by 6–12 months before making their own anti-HCV [2005]. All these results suggest some infants having anti-HCV persisting longer than 12 months could be undetected infected cases with low and transient levels of viremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective cohort study of mother‐to‐infant infection and clearance of hepatitis C in rural Egyptian villages

Shebl

El-Kamary

Saleh

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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Although persistent transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) from infected mothers to their infants is reported in 4–8%, transient HCV perinatal infection also occurs. This prospective cohort study determined perinatal HCV infection- and early and late clearance-rates in 1,863 mother-infant pairs in rural Egyptian villages. This study found 15.7% and 10.9% of pregnant women had HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA, respectively. Among 329 infants born of these mothers, 33 (10.0%) tested positive for both anti-HCV and HCV-RNA 2 months following birth—29 (12.5%) having HCV-RNA positive mothers and 4 (with transient infections) having mothers with only anti-HCV. Fifteen remained HCV-RNA positive at one and/or 2 years (persistent infections), while 18 cleared both virus and antibody by 1 year (transient infections). Among the 15 persistent cases, 7 cleared their infections by 2 or 3 years. At 2- to 6- and at 10- to 12-month maternally acquired anti-HCV was observed in 80% and 5% of infants, respectively. Four perinatally infected and one transiently infected infant were confirmed to be infected by their mothers by the sequence similarity of their viruses. Viremia was 155-fold greater in mothers of infants with persistent than mothers of infants with transient infections. Maternal-infant transmission of HCV is more frequent than generally reported. However, both early and late clearance of infection frequently occurs and only 15 (4.6%) and 8 (2.4%) infants born of HCV-RNA positive mothers had detectable HCV-RNA at one and 2–3 years of age. Investigating how infants clear infection may provide important information about protective immunity to HCV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective cohort study of mother‐to‐infant infection and clearance of hepatitis C in rural Egyptian villages

Shebl

El-Kamary

Saleh

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The search was refined using the references from selected articles in order to find further studies of potential interest. In order to avoid the risk of misinterpretation of results we decided not to consider papers including conditions such as mother-to-child transmission, homosexual couples, patients with co-infection, and patients with particular clinical conditions (such as dialysis and haemophilia) because scientific literature shows that belonging to these categories of patients already determines an increased risk for acquiring HCV infection, independently from being a household of HCV-positive subjects 19 20…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Italy: a systematic review

Waure

Cefalo

Chiaradia

et al. 2009

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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“…71,80,81 A recent study found that an HCV RNA level over 600 000 IU ml −1 was associated with an increase in MTCT of the virus. 82 …”

Section: Hepatitis C In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C in pregnancy: a review and recommendations for care

et al. 2014

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Our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding pregnancy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as recent efforts to reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Maternal infection with either HBV or HCV has been linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, including MTCT. MTCT for HBV has been reduced to approximately 5% overall in countries including the US that have instituted postpartum neonatal HBV vaccination and immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin. However, the rate of transmission of HBV to newborns is nearly 30% when maternal HBV levels are greater than 200 000 IU ml−1 (>6 log10 copies ml−1). For these patients, new guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) indicate that, in addition to neonatal vaccination and immunoprophylaxis, treating with antiviral agents such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or telbivudine during pregnancy beginning at 32 weeks of gestation is safe and effective in preventing MTCT. In contrast to HBV, no therapeutic agents are yet available or recommended to further decrease the risk of MTCT of HCV, which remains 3 to 10%. HCV MTCT can be minimized by avoiding fetal scalp electrodes and birth trauma whenever possible. Young women with HCV should be referred for treatment post delivery, and neonates should be closely followed to rule out infection. New, better-tolerated treatment regimens for HCV are now available, which should improve outcomes for all infected individuals.

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Prospective study of mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: a 10‐year survey (1990–2000)

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

Prospective cohort study of mother‐to‐infant infection and clearance of hepatitis C in rural Egyptian villages

Prospective cohort study of mother‐to‐infant infection and clearance of hepatitis C in rural Egyptian villages

Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in Italy: a systematic review

Hepatitis B and C in pregnancy: a review and recommendations for care

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