Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents.

Simon, Thomas R.; Richardson, Justin; Dent, Clyde W.; Chou, Chih-Ping; Flay, Brian R.

doi:10.2105/ajph.88.6.960

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To examine consistency of associations, these analyses were performed within countries but were restricted to the countries that assessed the requisite optional survey items. Variables that had been identified as potential confounders of violence-injury associations (age, 25,29 gender, 29,30 poverty, 29,30 time spent out with friends, 31 and average weekly physical activity 30,32 ) were included as covariates in the statistical models. Because the focus of these etiologic analyses was on the consistency of associations between measures of vio-…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-national Study of Fighting and Weapon Carrying as Determinants of Adolescent Injury

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. We sought to (1) compare estimates of the prevalence of fighting and weapon carrying among adolescent boys and girls in North American and European countries and (2) assess in adolescents from a subgroup of these countries comparative rates of weapon carrying and characteristics of fighting and injury outcomes, with a determination of the association between these indicators of violence and the occurrence of medically treated injury.Design and Setting. Cross-sectional self-report surveys using 120 questions were obtained from nationally representative samples of 161 082 students in 35 countries. In addition, optional factors were assessed within individual countries: characteristics of fighting (9 countries); characteristics of weapon carrying (7 countries); and medically treated injury (8 countries).Participants. Participants included all consenting students in sampled classrooms (average age: 11-15 years).Measures. The primary measures assessed included involvement in physical fights and the types of people involved; frequency and types of weapon carrying; and frequency and types of medically treated injury.Results. Involvement in fighting varied across countries, ranging from 37% to 69% of the boys and 13% to 32% of the girls. Adolescents most often reported fighting with friends or relatives. Among adolescents reporting fights, fighting with total strangers varied from 16% to 53% of the boys and 5% to 16% of the girls. Involvement in weapon carrying ranged from 10% to 21% of the boys and 2% to 5% of the girls. Among youth reporting weapon carrying, those carrying handguns or other firearms ranged from 7% to 22% of the boys and 3% to 11% of the girls. In nearly all reporting countries, both physical fighting and weapon carrying were significantly associated with elevated risks for medically treated, multiple, and hospitalized injury events. 11 Results from these studies have broadened our knowledge of the global impact that adolescent violence has on public health. Existing international comparisons of youth violence have focused on the frequency of adolescent violence-related behaviors in a small number of countries, 12 comparisons of episodes of school violence and its determinants in Israeli and Arabic student populations, 13 studies of "child soldiers" in countries engaged in civil and international warfare, 14,15 international comparisons of firearmrelated mortality, 3 and, as part of more general international comparisons, examinations of firearm regulations and rates of homicide, 3,16,17 robberies and sexual assaults, 17,18 and suicide. 16 Beyond studies of firearms, international comparisons of rates of youth violence are still lacking, and the magnitude and nature of the adolescent violence problem remains unknown for many countries. Cross-national comparisons of violent behaviors in youth have been problematic, because of the use of nonrepresentative samples in many countries and a lack of uniformity in study designs. ConclusionsPhysical fighting and engagement in weapon carry...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-national Study of Fighting and Weapon Carrying as Determinants of Adolescent Injury

et al. 2005

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“…(Cheng, Johnson et al 2006) Weapon related risk factors were selected for this current study based on theoretical models of adolescent violence/weapon access (Jessor 1991; Steinman and Zimmerman 2003; Zimmerman, Morrel-Samuels et al 2004) and prior research(DuRant, Kahn et al 1997; Dahlberg 1998; Lowry, Powell et al 1998; Simon, Richardson et al 1998; Sege, Stringham et al 1999; Hayes and Sege 2003; Borowsky, Mozayeny et al 2004) and include demographics (age, minority status, and gender), prior injury and fighting, chief complaint, and other multiple risk behaviors such as substance abuse and sexual activity. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and correlates of firearm access in an urban ED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of handgun access among adolescents seeking care in an urban emergency department

Loh

Walton

Harrison

et al. 2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence and correlates of handgun access among adolescents seeking care in an urban Emergency Department (ED) in order to inform future injury prevention strategies. METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study performed in the ED of a large urban hospital, 14- to 18-year-old adolescents completed a computerized survey of risk behaviors. Adolescents seeking ED care (for injury or medical complaint) were approached seven days a week over a 22-month period. Validated measures included measures of demographics, sexual activity, substance use, injury, violent behavior, and handgun access. A logistic regression model predicting handgun access was performed. RESULTS A total of 3050 adolescents completed the survey (44% male, 58.9% African American), with 417 (12%) refusing to participate. One-third of the sample (n=1003) reported access to a handgun, and of those 54% were males (n=542). Logistic regression results indicated that older age (AOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.30–1.94), African American race (AOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11–1.61), male gender (AOR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.66–2.37), and being employed (AOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11–1.65), as well as seeking ED care for a medical complaint as compared to intentional injury (AOR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.62–2.50) predicted handgun access. Binge drinking (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.37–2.27),marijuana use (AOR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.58–2.36), sexual activity (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.32–2.02), prior injury by a gun (AOR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.32–2.46), serious physical violence (AOR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13–1.66) and group fighting (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.68–2.56) also predicted access. CONCLUSIONS High rates of handgun access were evident among adolescents presenting in an inner city ED, including those seeking care for non injury related reasons. Adolescents with access to handguns were more likely to report risk behaviors and past injury, providing clinicians with an opportunity for injury prevention initiatives.

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“…Nationally, aggravated assault (that is, rape, weapon related assault, or assault with intent to harm) victimization rates among males exceed those among females (12/1000 v 6/1000), as do arrests for assault (82% v 18%). 2 Although several studies have examined correlates of violent behaviors among youth, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] few have assessed the association between injury and fighting. 3 8 In this study, we examine the associations between violent behaviors such as group fighting, weapon use, and circumstances surrounding fights, and the risk of a fight related injury among a nationally representative sample of adolescent males who reported being in a fight in the past 12 months.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictors of injury from fighting among adolescent males

Hammig

Dahlberg²,

Swahn³

2001

Inj Prev

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Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents.

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Cross-national Study of Fighting and Weapon Carrying as Determinants of Adolescent Injury

Cross-national Study of Fighting and Weapon Carrying as Determinants of Adolescent Injury

Prevalence and correlates of handgun access among adolescents seeking care in an urban emergency department

Predictors of injury from fighting among adolescent males

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