Prospective Neural Network Model for Seismic Precursory Signal Detection in Geomagnetic Field Records

Abstract

We designed a convolutional neural network application to detect seismic precursors in geomagnetic field records. Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural hazards on Earth, yet their short-term forecasting has not been achieved. Stress loading in dry rocks can generate electric currents that cause short-term changes to the geomagnetic field, yielding theoretically detectable pre-earthquake electromagnetic emissions. We propose a CNN model that scans windows of geomagnetic data streams and self-updates using nearby earthquakes as labels, under strict detectability criteria. We show how this model can be applied in three key seismotectonic settings, where geomagnetic observatories are optimally located in high-seismicity-rate epicentral areas. CNNs require large datasets to be able to accurately label seismic precursors, so we expect the model to improve as more data become available with time. At present, there is no synthetic data generator for this kind of application, so artificial data augmentation is not yet possible. However, this deep learning model serves to illustrate its potential usage in earthquake forecasting in a systematic and unbiased way. Our method can be prospectively applied to any kind of three-component dataset that may be physically connected to seismogenic processes at a given depth.

Fracture Electromagnetic Radiation Induced by a Seismic Active Zone (in the Vicinity of Eilat City, Southern Israel)

“…Methods using multidisciplinary precursors [82] or AI approaches to learn the relevant signals (see, e.g., [83]) have been promoted. These procedures, which can be valuable in EQ prediction, may use the present pulse shapes based on the cracks' features as guiding elements.…”

Seismogenic ULF/ELF Wave Phenomena: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

“…Further, there have been a lot of machine-learning applications to find ionospheric precursors from TEC data (e.g., [89] [90] [91] [92]). In the field of geomagnetic data, Petrescu and Moldovan (2022) [93] have proposed a prospective neural network model for seismic precursory signal detection in geomagnetic field records. The algorithm does not take into account the physics behind the production of signals, but only picks up repeated features associated with the imposed labels.…”