Prospective multifactorial analysis of preseason risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in high school baseball pitchers

Shitara, Hitoshi; Kobayashi, Tsutomu; Yamamoto, Atsushi; Shimoyama, Daisuke; Ichinose, Tsuyoshi; Tajika, Tsuyoshi; Osawa, Tsutomu; Iizuka, Haku; Takagishi, Kenji

doi:10.1007/s00167-015-3731-4

Cited by 77 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…A single end of season questionnaire was used in three studies 34–36. One of these studies also used self-report at medical check-ups 34. Serial administration of standardised questionnaires was used in two studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study classified shoulder pain as pain lasting at least 2 weeks, but not necessarily requiring withdrawal from sport 36. One study classified shoulder pain as requiring greater than 7 days of withdrawal from participation 34. One study administered 15 questionnaires and an average score called the Cumulative Severity Score (CSS) was calculated 24.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the effects of a different classification of shoulder pain, Shitara et al 34 was excluded. The results of this sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the presence of scapular dyskinesis at baseline was indicative of a 54% increased risk of shoulder pain (RR=1.54, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.10, I 2 =40%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding shoulder pain, the classification used by Shitara et al 34 included a complete withdrawal from participation in training or competition of greater than 7 days; a stricter definition than those used by the other included studies 24 35–37. Sensitivity analysis excluding the study by Shitara et al 34 increased the RR and narrowed the 95% CI for increased risk of shoulder pain in asymptomatic athletes with scapular dyskinesis (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.10). This analysis suggests that scapular dyskinesis may not be a risk factor for injuries that require complete withdrawal from short-term participation, that is, severe and disabling injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIt is unclear whether the presence of scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of developing shoulder pain in asymptomatic athletes.ObjectivesTo determine whether the presence of scapular dyskinesis in asymptomatic athletes increases the risk of developing shoulder pain by systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and SPORTDiscus. Prospective studies that assessed athletes for scapular dyskinesis and recorded incidents of shoulder pain were included. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted to derive a pooled risk ratio (RR) for the development of shoulder pain in athletes with scapular dyskinesis compared with those without scapular dyskinesis.ResultsFive studies were included with a total of 419 athletes. Of the athletes with scapular dyskinesis, 35% (56/160) experienced shoulder pain during the follow-up, whereas 25% (65/259) of athletes without scapular dyskinesis experienced symptoms. The presence of scapular dyskinesis at baseline indicated a 43% increased risk of a shoulder pain event over a 9 to 24 months follow-up (RR=1.43, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93).ConclusionsAthletes with scapular dyskinesis have 43% greater risk of developing shoulder pain than those without scapular dyskinesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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“…Among high school pitchers, Shitara et al . have shown that risk factors for preseason injury include a low dominant to nondominant side prone external rotation ratio and decreased dominant side passive 90° abducted internal rotation range of motion (ROM)1. Among high school baseball and softball players, risk factors have been shown to include shoulder internal rotation and horizontal adduction ROM deficits2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shoulder Stretching Intervention Reduces the Incidence of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Players: a Time-to-Event Analysis

Shitara

Yamamoto

Shimoyama

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

110

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We prospectively evaluated the effects of a prevention program on the incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries in high school baseball pitchers. Ninety-two pitchers participated in this study and were taught to perform stretching and strength exercises aimed at improving shoulder external rotation strength in the preseason. The pitchers freely chose to participate in one of four groups [SM-group: performed both exercises, S-group: performed stretching exercise only, M-group: performed strength training only, and N-group: performed neither intervention]. Injury was defined as inability to play for ≥8 days because of shoulder/elbow symptoms. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and hazard ratios (HRs) for injury occurrence were calculated using multivariate Cox regression. Log-rank test was used for between-group comparisons of survival distributions. The injuries occurred in 25, 35, and 57% of participants and median times to injury were 89, 92, and 29.5 days in the S- (n = 32), SM- (n = 46), and N- (n = 14) group, respectively. Nobody chose M-group. HRs were 0.36 and 0.47 for the S- and SM-group, respectively, based on the N-group. The incidence of injury was significantly lower in the S-group than in the N-group (p = 0.04). Daily posterior shoulder stretching may reduce the incidence of the injuries in high school baseball pitchers.

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Principles of Injury Risk Modification: Identification of Parameters, Techniques, and Results in the Overhead Athlete

Ellenbecker¹

2019

Mechanics, Pathomechanics and Injury in the Overhead Athlete

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Prospective multifactorial analysis of preseason risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in high school baseball pitchers

Abstract: II.

Cited by 77 publications

References 41 publications

Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Shoulder Stretching Intervention Reduces the Incidence of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Players: a Time-to-Event Analysis

Principles of Injury Risk Modification: Identification of Parameters, Techniques, and Results in the Overhead Athlete

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