Prospective evaluation of hybrid <sup> 18</sup>F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node‐negative patients with penile carcinoma

Leijte, Joost A.P.; Graafland, Niels M.; Olmos, Renato A. Valdés; Boven, Hester H. van; Hoefnagel, Cornelis A.; Horenblas, Simon

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08450.x

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several alternatives have been evaluated. Neither 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT nor isolated ultrasound‐guided FNAC is sensitive enough in cN0 groins [20,21]. Tabatabaei et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer: initial experiences at a Swedish referral centre

2012

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What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? According to the current European Association of Urology Guidelines, dynamic sentinel node biopsy is the recommended approach to assess lymph node status in men with cN0 intermediate and high risk penile cancer. Nevertheless, most encouraging results derive from a limited number of studies.The present study shows a false-negative rate of 15%, comparable with or better than several previous studies. Nevertheless, the aim should be a false-negative rate of no more than 5%. We conclude that increased overall experience and the use of the complete modern dynamic sentinel node biopsy protocol are paramount to improve results. OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the false-negative rate and complication rate of dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) in penile cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS• In this retrospective study, 58 unilaterally or bilaterally clinically lymph node negative (cN0) patients with penile cancer (57 squamous cell carcinomas and one malignant melanoma), scheduled for DSNB at the Ö rebro University Hospital, Sweden, between 1999 and 2011, were analysed.• Preoperative ultrasonography and fi ne-needle aspiration cytology of suspicious nodes were not introduced until 2008.• Patients were assessed by lymphoscintigraphy using 99m technetium nanocolloid on the day before surgery and the dissection of sentinel nodes was aided by the lymphoscintigraphic images and intraoperative detection of radiotracer and patent blue dye.• The false-negative rate and complication rate were calculated per groin. RESULTS• Of the 58 patients, 32 (55%) underwent preoperative ultrasonography.• Two patients had positive fi ne-needle aspiration cytology and discontinued further DSNB protocol. Of the remaining 56 patients, all but one were bilaterally cN0 and hence 111 cN0 groins were assessed by lymphoscintigraphy.• In the 55 bilaterally cN0 patients, lymphoscintigraphy visualized a bilateral sentinel node in 34 (62%).• At surgery, all excised sentinel nodes were radioactive while 43% were additionally blue. In total, at least one sentinel node was harvested in 96 (86%) of the DSNB staged groins.• A positive sentinel node was found in 11 groins (bilaterally in three patients). During a median follow-up of 21 months, two false-negative cases emerged, producing a false-negative rate of 15%. Both falsenegative cases occurred during the fi rst half of the study. The complication rate was 10%. The majority of complications were minor and transient. CONCLUSIONS• DSNB is a minimally invasive staging tool in men with cN0 penile cancer, enabling early detection of metastatic disease and thus optimal care.• Our false-negative rate of 15% is comparable or even favourable in comparison with several previous studies, but far from the 5% or less that we aim for. The complication rate found is somewhat higher than previously reported.• With increased overall experience and the continued use of the complete DSNB protocol, we believe our results will improve and the complication rate will decrease. KEYWORDSp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer: initial experiences at a Swedish referral centre

2012

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“…1-8 18 F-FDG uptake in the penis has been described in conditions such as primary malignancy of the penis, lymphoma, and dilated urethra. [9][10][11][12][13] Metastatic tumors of the penis have been previously described but are rare. 14 18 F-FDG accumulation in the penis has been described in a very few cases of metastatic malignancy and lymphoma.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Metastasis to Spongy Body of Penis From Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder

Wang

Fang²,

Zeng³

et al. 2016

Clinical Nuclear Medicine

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The spongy body of the penis metastasis from other primary sites is a rare clinical entity. It is frequently associated with widespread metastatic disease and poor prognosis clinically. We report a case of a 61-year-old man with a previous history of cystectomy due to infiltrating urothelial carcinoma of the bladder 12 months ago and presented with penile shaft swelling pain and hematuria for 3 months. The restaging F-FDG PET/CT scan demonstrated a hypermetabolic mass at his penile shaft. This lesion was confirmed on phallectomy to be infiltrating urothelial carcinoma metastasis from the known primary bladder tumor.

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“…To evaluate the performance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of occult metastasis in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) penile carcinoma, Leijte et al [49] studied 24 patients who were scheduled to undergo dynamic SLNB and hybrid 18 F-FDG PET/CT to assess the nodal status of cN0 groins. Eighteen of the 24 patients were bilaterally cN0, and six were unilaterally cN0.…”

Section: B Penile Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between 18F-FDG PET (PET/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of regional lymph node metastasis of various malignancies: review of the literature

Qiu

Chen²

2013

JBGC

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This article reviewed comparative studies of the use of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for the detection of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with various malignancies. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET (PET/CT) compared with SLNB to determine the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastasis. In this paper, we review 15 comparative studies of breast tumors and 17 comparative studies of melanomas that used these methods to detect regional lymph node metastasis. Original articles for other malignancies, including oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, anal cancer, and cervical cancer, are relatively scarce. A consensus has been reached in the literature that SLNB is much more sensitive than 18 F-FDG PET and PET/CT for detecting small lymph node metastasis. 18 F-FDG PET and PET/CT cannot replace SLNB for the evaluation of early-stage regional lymphatic tumor dissemination in this patient population.

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Prospective evaluation of hybrid ¹⁸F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node‐negative patients with penile carcinoma

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer: initial experiences at a Swedish referral centre

Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer: initial experiences at a Swedish referral centre

18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Metastasis to Spongy Body of Penis From Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder

Comparison between 18F-FDG PET (PET/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of regional lymph node metastasis of various malignancies: review of the literature

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Prospective evaluation of hybrid 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node‐negative patients with penile carcinoma

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer: initial experiences at a Swedish referral centre

Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer: initial experiences at a Swedish referral centre

18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Metastasis to Spongy Body of Penis From Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder

Comparison between 18F-FDG PET (PET/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of regional lymph node metastasis of various malignancies: review of the literature

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Prospective evaluation of hybrid ¹⁸F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node‐negative patients with penile carcinoma