Prospective echocardiographic and tissue Doppler screening of a large Sphynx cat population: Reference ranges, heart disease prevalence and genetic aspects

Chetboul, Valérie; Petit, A; Gouni, Vassiliki; Tréhiou-Sechi, Emilie; Misbach, Charlotte; Balouka, David; Sampedrano, Carolina Carlos; Pouchelon, Jean‐Louis; Tissier, Renaud; Abitbol, Marie

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2012.08.001

Cited by 40 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We found 58 such diseases, including RN, sequester of cornea, entropion, feline eosinophilic granuloma complex, periodontitis, oligodontia, urinary tract infection, HCM (Sphynxes and British), RCM, hip dysplasia, hooked sternum, asthma, and stillborn kittens. HCM mutation has been found in Ragdolls and Maine Coons (9, 10), but the Sphynxes and British’, which were found overrepresented in our study, have also been associated with HCM in previous studies (32–34). RN was found only in Ragdolls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Health and Behavioral Survey of over 8000 Finnish Cats

et al. 2016

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A comprehensive feline health survey was conducted to reveal breed-specific inheritable diseases in Finnish pedigree cats for genetic research. Prevalence of 19 disease categories and 227 feline diseases were defined in a study population of 8175 cats belonging to 30 breeds. Dental and oral diseases, with a prevalence of 28%, and dental calculus and gingivitis (21 and 8%, respectively) were the most prevalent disease category and diseases among all cats and in most of the breeds. An exception was Korats, which were more often affected by the diseases of the respiratory tract (23%) and asthma (19%). Other prevalent disease categories affected various organ systems, such as the skin (12%), the urinary system (12%), the digestive tract (11%), eyes (10%), the musculoskeletal system (10%), and genitals of female cats (17%). Prevalent health or developmental issues included repetitive vomiting (4%), tail kink (4%), feline odontoclastic resorption lesion (4%), urinary tract infections (4%), as well as cesarean section (6%) and stillborn kittens (6%) among female cats. We found 57 breed-specific conditions by Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression analyses, including 32 previously described and 19 new breed-specific diseases. The genetic defect has already been found in six of them: polycystic kidney disease, progressive retinal atrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and three types of tail malformations. Behavioral profiling revealed breed-specific traits, such as an increased human avoidance in British Short and Longhairs and a higher level of aggression in Turkish vans. Our epidemiological study reveals the overall health profile in Finnish pure and mixed breed cats and identifies many breed-specific conditions without molecular identity for genetic research.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Health and Behavioral Survey of over 8000 Finnish Cats

et al. 2016

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“…Currently used reference intervals for cardiac dimensions in cats are mostly based on studies using first‐ or second‐generation ultrasound systems, often with unguided M‐mode imaging . Furthermore, these studies included a limited number of presumably normal cats, or cats of 1 breed examined at 1 center by 1 or a few observers . Accordingly, critics have questioned the usefulness of some of these published reference ranges because of the ultrasound systems used, small sample sizes, lack of data points for the extremes of body size, wide prediction intervals, and the use of inappropriate statistical methods .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Body Weight on Echocardiographic Measurements in 19,866 Pure‐Bred Cats with or without Heart Disease

Häggström

Andersson²,

Falk

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundEchocardiography is a cost‐efficient method to screen cats for presence of heart disease. Current reference intervals for feline cardiac dimensions do not account for body weight (BW).ObjectiveTo study the effect of BW on heart rate (HR), aortic (Ao), left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in cats, and to calculate 95% prediction intervals for these variables in normal adult pure‐bred cats.Animals19 866 pure‐bred cats.MethodsClinical data from heart screens conducted between 1999 and 2014 were included. Associations between BW, HR, and cardiac dimensions were assessed using univariate linear models and allometric scaling, including all cats, and only those considered normal, respectively. Prediction intervals were created using 95% confidence intervals obtained from regression curves.ResultsAssociations between BW and echocardiographic dimensions were best described by allometric scaling, and all dimensions increased with increasing BW (all P<0.001). Strongest associations were found between BW and Ao, LV end diastolic, LA dimensions, and thickness of LV free wall. Weak linear associations were found between BW and HR and left atrial to aortic ratio (LA:Ao), for which HR decreased with increasing BW (P<0.001), and LA:Ao increased with increasing BW (P<0.001). Marginal differences were found for prediction formulas and prediction intervals when the dataset included all cats versus only those considered normal.Conclusions and Importance BW had a clinically relevant effect on echocardiographic dimensions in cats, and BW based 95% prediction intervals may help in screening cats for heart disease.

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“…This finding would suggest that the disease in these cats was probably caused by mutations in myofilament proteins especially in light of the established heritability of HCM in several cat breeds (Nakagawa et al, 2002; Chetboul et al, 2012; Silverman et al, 2012; März et al, 2014). It is noteworthy that the mutations currently known only cause severe disease and reduced survival in homozygous cats (Borgeat et al, 2014; Granström et al, 2015) whilst the majority of human HCM is cases have heterozygous mutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Investigations into the Sarcomeric Protein and Ca2+-Regulation Abnormalities Underlying Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats (Felix catus)

et al. 2017

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common single gene inherited cardiomyopathy. In cats (Felix catus) HCM is even more prevalent and affects 16% of the outbred population and up to 26% in pedigree breeds such as Maine Coon and Ragdoll. Homozygous MYBPC3 mutations have been identified in these breeds but the mutations in other cats are unknown. At the clinical and physiological level feline HCM is closely analogous to human HCM but little is known about the primary causative mechanism. Most identified HCM causing mutations are in the genes coding for proteins of the sarcomere. We therefore investigated contractile and regulatory proteins in left ventricular tissue from 25 cats, 18 diagnosed with HCM, including a Ragdoll cat with a homozygous MYBPC3 R820W, and 7 non-HCM cats in comparison with human HCM (from septal myectomy) and donor heart tissue. Myofibrillar protein expression was normal except that we observed 20–44% MyBP-C haploinsufficiency in 5 of the HCM cats. Troponin extracted from 8 HCM and 5 non-HCM cat hearts was incorporated into thin filaments and studied by in vitro motility assay. All HCM cat hearts had a higher (2.06 ± 0.13 fold) Ca2+-sensitivity than non-HCM cats and, in all the HCM cats, Ca2+-sensitivity was not modulated by troponin I phosphorylation. We were able to restore modulation of Ca2+-sensitivity by replacing troponin T with wild-type protein or by adding 100 μM Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG). These fundamental regulatory characteristics closely mimic those seen in human HCM indicating a common molecular mechanism that is independent of the causative mutation. Thus, the HCM cat is a potentially useful large animal model.

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Prospective echocardiographic and tissue Doppler screening of a large Sphynx cat population: Reference ranges, heart disease prevalence and genetic aspects

Cited by 40 publications

References 33 publications

Health and Behavioral Survey of over 8000 Finnish Cats

Health and Behavioral Survey of over 8000 Finnish Cats

Effect of Body Weight on Echocardiographic Measurements in 19,866 Pure‐Bred Cats with or without Heart Disease

Investigations into the Sarcomeric Protein and Ca2+-Regulation Abnormalities Underlying Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cats (Felix catus)

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