Prospective dynamics of intoxication in the workplace: Personal and job-related predictors and consequences.

Abstract

Using prospective data from a community sample assessed in young adulthood and again 4 years later, both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses evaluated associations among multiple measures of intoxication in the workplace, job instability and satisfaction, and social conformity. Being high on the job was more prevalent, frequent, and stable over time for men than women, although rates decreased for both genders with age. Measures of social conformity were most related to drug use on the job within time but had few unique effects over time. Only a few earlier work characteristics (but no personal traits) affected later intoxication on the job. Several significant interactions were found between personal and job variables that predicted increased intoxication in the workplace. Earlier intoxication on the job increased later measures of job instability.

Drug Use among African Americans: Ethnic Identity as a Protective Factor

“…Many of these measures were associated with drug use in the sources from which they were taken, in other studes by these same investigators or in our studies with other samples (Brook, Brook, et al, 1990;Jessor, Graves, Hanson, & Jessor, 1968;Jessor, Van Den Bos, Vanderryn, Costa, & Turbin, 1995;Johnson, et a/., 1995;Newcomb, 1988Newcomb, , 1995Smith & Fogg, 1979). Several scales were adaptations of measures used in previous studies.…”

General deviance and psychological distress: impact of family support/bonding over 12 years from adolescence to adulthood

“…Alcohol quantity, social conformity and criminal behaviour were measured in the identical manner in which they were assessed in late adolescence. High at work was the average of nine times assessing the frequency of being 'high, drunk, or stoned' at work for beer, wine, liquor, marijuana and five other illicit drugs (Newcomb, 1988(Newcomb, , 1995b. Lifetime number of sex partners was a single item asking how many different sexual partners the person had been with during their life.…”

Drug problems and psychological distress among a community sample of adults: Predictors, consequences, or confound?

“…Inherent in these theories is the possibility of a third variable (e.g., social conformity) that explains the relationship between drug use and psychological distress. Social conformity represents low deviance or antisocial attitudes and behaviors, that has consistently been shown to be negatively related to drug use (Castro , Maddahian, Newcomb, & Bentler, 1987;Newcomb, 1995;Newcomb & Bentler, 1988b;Stein, Newcomb, & Bentler, 1986), emotional distress (e.g., Newcomb & Bentler, 1988b), and positively related to depressive tendencies (e.g., Stacy, Newcomb, & Bentler, 1991. Several studies have found that low social conformity during adolescence led to systematically worse outcomes during young adulthood, especially regarding drug use problems, family difficulties, and psychosomatic complaints (Bentler, 1992;Newcomb, 1997a;Newcomb & Bentler, 1988b).…”