Prospect of microbial food borne diseases in Pakistan: a review

Abstract

Nowadays food borne illness is most common in people due to their epidemic nature. These diseases affect the human digestive system through bacteria, viruses and parasites. The agents of illness are transmitted in our body through various types of food items, water and uncooked. Pathogens show drastic changes in immunosuppressant people. This review gives general insights to harmful microbial life. Pakistan is a developed country and because of its improper food management, a lot of gastrointestinal problems are noted in many patients. Bacteria are most common agents to spread diarrhoea, villi infection, constipation and dysenteric disease in human and induce the rejection of organ transplant. Enhancement of their lifestyle, properly cooked food should be used and to overcome the outbreak of the diseases.

Monitoring of Insecticides resistance against cotton Jassid (Amrasca biguttutla biguttutla) under laboratory conditions

“…It is the foremost need to use the new insecticides which not only control the target insect pest (Galdino et al, 2021) but also protect the beneficial insects like ladybird beetle, spider, Chrsoperllaspp, Trichogrammaspp and human being (Botha et al, 2020;Egler et al, 2012). Pesticides cause foodborne illness in human through intoxication of various food items (Ishaq et al, 2021). Present study was conducted to compare the efficacy of new insecticides at different time intervals, against jassid, under the laboratory conditions on cotton.…”

One Health Paradigm to Confront Zoonotic Health Threats: A Pakistan Prospective

“…The prevalence of food-borne infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes , Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Toxoplasma gondii , and Norovirus is common in Pakistan ( Nisar et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, food is exposed to a variety of toxic chemicals during its preparation, processing, handling, and storage ( Javed, 2016 ; Ishaq et al, 2021 ). Pakistan is one of the top milk and halal meat-producing states in the world, although the quality of these products is often not good.…”

“…All these safety procedures also apply to organic food production ( Akbar et al, 2019 ). Safe meat for the consumer requires that quality standards are applied to animal handling, slaughtering, dressing, and storage ( Ishaq et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Additionally, many zoonotic microbes exist in the gastrointestinal tracts of food-producing animals and poses a farm to fork risk of contamination. Therefore, food safety is a major concern for global public health ( Gizaw, 2019 ) and pro-active strategies are required to mitigate the spread of these diseases ( Chapman and Gunter, 2018 ; Ishaq et al, 2021 ). Food handling is a major factor in controlling the spread of food-borne diseases.…”

Pressure and Temperature Combined With Microbial Supernatant Effectively Inactivate Bacillus subtilis Spores

“…The Bacillus species is a major concern in the food industry as its spores can trigger food spoilage and even food poisoning ( Kochan et al, 2018 ; Ortiz et al, 2019 ). Accumulated evidence indicates that microorganisms, especially spore-producing bacterium, contribute to more than 70% of food poisoning incidents ( Ishaq et al, 2021 ). Therefore, it is urgent to search for efficient, simple, and rapid methods to control spores in food processing industries in particular, as their eradication from foodstuffs may be difficult.…”