Prosocial behavior of wearing a mask during an epidemic: an evolutionary explanation

Kabir, K. M. Ariful; Risa, Tori; Tanimoto, Jun

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92094-2

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Kabir et al ( 48 ) referred to a “diverse and rich social dilemma structure” that influences face mask wearing and therefore highlighted the sociological dimensions of mask policies. Also, a article of Timpka and Nyce ( 49 ) referred to the significance of cultural as well as symbolic meaning, which should be considered by governmental decisions when passing regulations on mandatory mask wearing.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Meanings of Artifacts: Face Masks in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Schönweitz

Eichinger

Kuiper

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, research has explored various aspects of face mask use. While most of the research explores their effectiveness to prevent the spread of the virus, a growing body of literature has found that using face masks also has social meaning. But what social meaning does it have, and how does this meaning express itself in people's practice? Based on 413 qualitative interviews with residents in five European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, and Switzerland), we found that the meanings of face masks have changed drastically during the first months of the pandemic. While in spring 2020 people wearing them had to fear stigmatization, in autumn of 2020 not wearing masks was more likely to be stigmatized. Throughout the first year of the pandemic, we found that mask wearing had multiple and partly seemingly contradictory meanings for people. They were perceived as obstacles for non-verbal communication, but also a way to affirm friendships and maintain social contacts. They also signaled specific moral or political stances on the side of face mask wearers and non-wearers alike, expressed their belonging to certain communities, or articulated concern. In sum, our findings show how face masks serve as scripts for people to navigate their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude that public and political discussions concerning face masks should include not only evidence on the epidemiological and infectiological effects of face masks, but also on their social meanings and their social effects.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Meanings of Artifacts: Face Masks in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Schönweitz

Eichinger

Kuiper

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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show abstract

“…Bavel et al (2020) also focused on protecting others, besides several social scientific insights such as emphasizing benefits to the recipient, aligning with the recipient's moral values and appealing to social consensus or scientific norms. To bring some advantages to other people, using evolutionary game theory, Kabir et al (2021) quantified how people use mask-wearing and related protecting behaviors. To promote mask wearing for protecting others, it is important to provide data and scientific evidence in an easy-to-understand way.…”

Section: Preventing Covid-19 Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of wearing face masks in preventing COVID-19 transmission in the United States of America

Suzuki

Hasegawa

Kano

et al. 2021

PAP

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to intelligibly demonstrate the effectiveness of face mask wearing as a means to prevent COVID-19 transmission. Through understanding the benefits of wearing masks, it is hoped to facilitate the change of societal behavior and more people are willing to wear face mask.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the 50 states in the United States of America (U.S.) and Washington, D.C. that implemented the mask mandates before September 30, 2020, which are divided into four groups: (1) those implemented the statewide mask mandates before June 5, 2020 when World Health Organization (WHO) recommended mask wearing; (2) those implemented statewide mask mandates after June 5, 2020; (3) those implemented partial mandates affecting 30 percent or more of the state’s population; and (4) those implemented partial mandates affecting less than 30 percent. Simple descriptive statistics are analyzed.FindingsFor the 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C., the higher the mask wearing rate, the lower the number of COVID-19 cases (correlation coefficient: −0.69 (p<0.001)). For the 23 states with mobility reduction of less than 15 percent, the higher the proportion of population required to wear masks, the lower the number of cases. This can be seen from the difference in the number of cases among the four groups by ANOVA (p = 0.013).OriginalityThe positive effect of wearing masks is shown based on simple descriptive statistics for intuitive and intelligible understanding, which may lead people to comprehend the importance of wearing masks, and break through their custom, culture, and norms, and wear masks.

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“…Our presumed model is an SIR model where the susceptible class is categorized into two classes: S 1 , S 2 . In the future, the readers can follow the same technique to consider the epidemic models studied in [52][53][54][55] with a similar procedure as a continuation of the work and a further generalization of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Stochastic Modeling of COVID-19 with Environmental Noise from the Analytical and Numerical Point of View

et al. 2021

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In this article, we propose a novel mathematical model for the spread of COVID-19 involving environmental white noise. The new stochastic model was studied for the existence and persistence of the disease, as well as the extinction of the disease. We noticed that the existence and extinction of the disease are dependent on R0 (the reproduction number). Then, a numerical scheme was developed for the computational analysis of the model; with the existing values of the parameters in the literature, we obtained the related simulations, which gave us more realistic numerical data for the future prediction. The mentioned stochastic model was analyzed for different values of σ1,σ2 and β1,β2, and both the stochastic and the deterministic models were compared for the future prediction of the spread of COVID-19.

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Prosocial behavior of wearing a mask during an epidemic: an evolutionary explanation

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

The Social Meanings of Artifacts: Face Masks in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Social Meanings of Artifacts: Face Masks in the COVID-19 Pandemic

A study of the effect of wearing face masks in preventing COVID-19 transmission in the United States of America

Investigation of the Stochastic Modeling of COVID-19 with Environmental Noise from the Analytical and Numerical Point of View

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